{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T20:29:29Z","timestamp":1764793769948,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteriorhodopsin protein (bR)-based systems are one of the simplest known biological energy converters. The robust chemical, thermal and electrochemical properties of bR have made it an attractive material for photoelectric devices. This study demonstrates the photoelectric response of a dry bR layer deposited on a nitrocellulose membrane with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Light-induced electrical current as well as potential and impedance changes of dried bR film were recorded as the function of illumination. We have also tested bR in solution and found that the electrical properties are strongly dependent on light intensity changing locally proton concentration and thus pH of the solution. Experimental data support the assumption that bR protein on a positively charged nitrocellulose membrane (PNM) can be used as highly sensitive photo- and pH detector. Here the bR layer facilitates proton translocation and acts as an ultrafast optoelectric signal transducer. It is therefore useful in applications related to bioelectronics, biosensors, bio-optics devices and current carrying junction devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1356606511000},"page":"455-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Deposition of Bacteriorhodopsin Protein in a Purple Membrane Form on Nitrocellulose Membranes for Enhanced Photoelectric Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), Campus E 7.1, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeon Ju 561-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Neuzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), Campus E 7.1, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hoon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), Campus E 7.1, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Engelhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/257028a0","article-title":"Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy","volume":"257","author":"Henderson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Rhodopsin-like protein from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium","volume":"233","author":"Oesterhelt","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.06.003","article-title":"Photoelectric properties of a detector based on dried bacteriorhodopsin film","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. 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