{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:03:58Z","timestamp":1776326638374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel approach for guiding mobile robots inside greenhouses demonstrated by promising preliminary physical experiments. It represents a comprehensive attempt to use the successful principles of AGVs (auto-guided vehicles) inside greenhouses, but avoiding the necessity of modifying the crop layout, and avoiding having to bury metallic pipes in the greenhouse floor. The designed vehicle can operate different tools, e.g., a spray system for applying plant-protection product, a lifting platform to reach the top part of the plants to perform pruning and harvesting tasks, and a trailer to transport fruits, plants, and crop waste. Regarding autonomous navigation, it follows the idea of AGVs, but now laser emitters are used to mark the desired route. The vehicle development is analyzed from a mechatronic standpoint (mechanics, electronics, and autonomous control).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T21:24:12Z","timestamp":1357680252000},"page":"769-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mechatronic Description of a Laser Autoguided Vehicle for Greenhouse Operations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hermosilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda, Ctra. Sacramento s\/n, E-04120. Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Ctra. Sacramento s\/n, E-04120, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9536-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Ctra. Sacramento s\/n, E-04120, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Donaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Ctra. Sacramento s\/n, E-04120, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.24214","article-title":"Comparing greenhouse handgun delivery to poinsettias by spray volume and quality","volume":"51","author":"Derksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.25301","article-title":"Determining the influence of spray quality, nozzle type, spray volume, and air-assisted application strategies on deposition of pesticides in soybean canopy","volume":"51","author":"Derksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. 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(2011). Agricultural Robots. Mechanisms and Practice, Kyoto University Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Comba, L., Mart\u00ednez, S.F., Gay, P., and Aimonino, D.A. (2012, January 19\u201321). Reliable low cost sensors and systems for the navigation of autonomous robots in pot crop nurseries. Pisa, Italy."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gravalos, I., Loutridis, S., Moshou, D., Gialamas, T., Kateris, D., Tsiropoulos, Z., and Xyradakis, P. (2012, January 19\u201321). Vibration effects of bumper suspension system on pipeline sensor-based platform for soil water monitoring. Pisa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2012.06.001"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Sammons, P.J., Furukawa, T., and Bulgin, A. (2005, January 5\u20137). Autonomous pesticide spraying robot for use in greenhouse. 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[1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"PC104 Embedded Consortium Available online: http:\/\/www.pc104.org (accessed 15 November 2012)."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/1\/769\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:44:08Z","timestamp":1760219048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/1\/769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s130100769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s130100769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]}}}