{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:03:14Z","timestamp":1761292994143,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the feasibility of using a one dimensional 16-element flexible ultrasonic transducer (FUT) array for nondestructive testing at 150 \u00b0C is demonstrated.  The FUT arrays were made by a sol-gel sprayed piezoelectric film technology; a PZT composite film was sprayed on a titanium foil of 75 \u00b5m thickness. Since the FUT array is flexible, it was attached to a steel pipe with an outer diameter of 89 mm and a wall thickness of 6.5 mm at 150 \u00b0C. Using the ultrasonic pulse-echo mode, pipe thickness measurements could be performed. Moreover, using the ultrasonic pulse-echo and  pitch-catch modes of each element of FUT array, the defect detection was performed on an Al alloy block of 30 mm thickness with a side-drilled hole (SDH) of f3 mm at 150 \u00b0C.  In addition, a post-processing algorithm based on the total focusing method was used to process the full matrix of these A-scan signals of each single transmitter and  multi-receivers, and then the phase-array image was obtained to indicate this defect- SDH. Both results show the capability of FUT array being operated at 150 \u00b0C for the corrosion and defect detections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T11:11:19Z","timestamp":1358248279000},"page":"975-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Applications of Flexible Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Defect Detection at 150 \u00b0C"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jeanne-Louise","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Kuei","family":"Jen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsiung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Jing-Chi","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Jiunn-Woei","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/58.753019","article-title":"Ultrasonic arrays for monitoring cracks in an industrial plant at high temperatures","volume":"46","author":"Kirk","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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