{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:15:00Z","timestamp":1760404500299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on single mode optical transmission of hollow core glass waveguides (HWG) coupled with an external cavity mid-IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The QCL mode results perfectly matched to the hybrid HE11 waveguide mode and the higher losses TE-like modes have efficiently suppressed by the deposited inner dielectric coating. Optical losses down to 0.44 dB\/m and output beam divergence of ~5 mrad were measured. Using a HGW fiber with internal core size of 300 \u00b5m we obtained single mode laser transmission at 10.54 \u00b5m and successful employed it in a quartz enhanced photoacoustic gas sensor setup.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130101329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T10:58:53Z","timestamp":1358765933000},"page":"1329-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Low-Loss Hollow Waveguide Fibers for Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Sensing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Patimisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Tecnologie della Materia, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy"},{"name":"NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Scamarcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IFN and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 and Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bledt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science & Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science & Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7957","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.46.007957","article-title":"Characterization of mid-infrared single mode fibers as modal filters","volume":"46","author":"Ksendzov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. 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Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6449","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.006449","article-title":"Infrared transmissive, hollow plastic waveguides with inner Ag-AgI coatings","volume":"44","author":"Roshan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1964.tb04108.x","article-title":"Hollow metallic and dielectric waveguides for long distance optical transmission and lasers","volume":"43","author":"Marcantili","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bell. Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-012-4891-2","article-title":"Coupling external mid-IR quantum cascade lasers with low loss metallic\/dielectric waveguides","volume":"108","author":"Patimisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. 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