{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:10:52Z","timestamp":1791483052233,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes both hardware and software components to detect counterfeits of Euro banknotes. The proposed system is also able to recognize the banknote values. Differently than other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach makes use of banknote images acquired with a near infrared camera to perform recognition and authentication. This allows one to build a system that can effectively deal with real forgeries, which are usually not detectable with visible light. The hardware does not use any mechanical parts, so the overall system is low-cost. The proposed solution is reliable for ambient light and banknote positioning. Users should simply lean the banknote to be analyzed on a flat glass, and the system detects forgery, as well as recognizes the banknote value. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been properly tested on a dataset composed by genuine and fake Euro banknotes provided by Italy's central bank.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130202515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1361272276000},"page":"2515-2529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Forgery Detection and Value Identification of Euro Banknotes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Arcangelo","family":"Bruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Farinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guarnera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-2470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Battiato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Kocur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. 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