{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:31:37Z","timestamp":1761489097496,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Speller UI systems tend to be less accurate because of individual variation and the noise of EEG signals. Therefore, we propose a new method to combine the EEG signals and gaze-tracking. This research is novel in the following four aspects. First, two wearable devices are combined to simultaneously measure both the EEG signal and the gaze position. Second, the speller UI system usually has a 6 \u00d7 6 matrix of alphanumeric characters, which has disadvantage in that the number of characters is limited to 36. Thus, a 12 \u00d7 12 matrix that includes 144 characters is used. Third, in order to reduce the highlighting time of each of the 12 \u00d7 12 rows and columns, only the three rows and three columns (which are determined on the basis of the 3 \u00d7 3 area centered on the user\u2019s gaze position) are highlighted. Fourth, by analyzing the P300 EEG signal that is obtained only when each of the 3 \u00d7 3 rows and columns is highlighted, the accuracy of selecting the correct character is enhanced. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of proposed method was higher than the other methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130303454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T12:14:49Z","timestamp":1363176889000},"page":"3454-3472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Enhanced Perception of User Intention by Combining EEG and Gaze-Tracking for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jong-Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mincheol","family":"Whang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digital Media Technology, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-dong, Jongno-gu,  Seoul 110-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.12.043","article-title":"ADHD and epilepsy: contributions from the use of behavioral rating scales to investigate psychiatric comorbidities","volume":"20","author":"Loutfi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Bebav."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cohen, M.E., and Hudson, D.L. 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