{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:18:15Z","timestamp":1765887495119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A cantilever-based protein biosensor has been developed providing a customizable multilayer platform for the detection of antibodies. It consists of a biotin-terminated PEG layer pre-functionalized on the gold-coated cantilever surface, onto which NeutrAvidin is adsorbed through biotin\/NeutrAvidin specific binding. NeutrAvidin is used as a bridge layer between the biotin-coated surface and the biotinylated biomolecules, such as biotinylated bovine serum albumin (biotinylated BSA), forming a multilayer sensor for direct antibody capture. The cantilever biosensor has been successfully applied to the detection of mouse anti-BSA (m-IgG) and sheep anti-BSA(s-IgG) antibodies. As expected, the average differential surface stress signals of about 5.7 \u00b1 0.8 \u00b4 10\u22123 N\/m are very similar for BSA\/m-IgG and BSA\/s-IgG binding, i.e., they are independent of the origin of the antibody. A statistic evaluation of 112 response curves confirms that the multilayer protein cantilever biosensor shows high reproducibility. As a control test, a biotinylated maltose binding protein was used for detecting specificity of IgG, the result shows a signal of bBSA layer in response to antibody is 5.8 \u00b4 10\u22123 N\/m compared to bMBP. The  pre-functionalized biotin\/PEG cantilever surface is found to show a long shelf-life of at least 40 days and retains its responsivity of above 70% of the signal when stored in PBS buffer at 4 \u00b0C. The protein cantilever biosensor represents a rapid, label-free, sensitive and reliable detection technique for a real-time protein assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130405273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1366369247000},"page":"5273-5285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Development of Robust and Standardized Cantilever Sensors Based on Biotin\/Neutravidin Coupling for Antibody Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiayun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nano Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nano Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concentris GmbH, Davidsbodenstrasse 63, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Backmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nano Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nano Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Nano Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2008.08.012","article-title":"Multi-parameter microcantilever sensor for comprehensive characterization of newtonian fluids","volume":"135","author":"Ghatkesar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. 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