{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1761401643244,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is growing nowadays and it includes both roadside-to-vehicle communication (RVC) and inter-vehicle communication (IVC). The purpose of VANETs is to exchange useful information between vehicles and the roadside infrastructures for making an intelligent use of them. There are several possible applications for this technology like: emergency warning system for vehicles, cooperative adaptive cruise control or collision avoidance, among others. The objective of this work is to develop a VANET prototype system for urban environments using  IEEE 802.15.4 compliant devices. Simulation-based values of the estimated signal strength and radio link quality values are obtained and compared with measurements in outdoor conditions to validate an implemented VANET system. The results confirm the possibility of implementing low cost vehicular communication networks operating at moderate vehicular speeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130607065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T11:59:57Z","timestamp":1369828797000},"page":"7065-7078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Development of a Low Mobility IEEE 802.15.4 Compliant VANET System for Urban Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Nazabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre,  Campus de Arrosadia 31006, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4911-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre,  Campus de Arrosadia 31006, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Valdivielso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre,  Campus de Arrosadia 31006, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-6178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mat\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre,  Campus de Arrosadia 31006, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartenstein, H., and Laberteaux, K.P. (2010). VANET Vehicular Applications and Inter-Networking Technologies, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470740637"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(, January July). IEEE Standard for Information Technology\u2014Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems\u2014Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(, January June). IEEE Standard for Information Technology\u2014Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems\u2014Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(, January September). IEEE Standard for Information Technology\u2014Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems\u2014Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements; Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Yang, X., and Pan, Y. (2009). Emerging Wireless LANs, Wireless PANs, and Wirelessmans: IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE802.16 Wireless Standard Family, John Wiley & Sons Ltd."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.27010","article-title":"Measurement and modeling of a UHF-RFID system in a metallic closed vehicle","volume":"54","author":"Azpilicueta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naz\u00e1bal, J.A., Iturri, L.P., Azpilicueta, L., Falcone, F., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Valdivielso, C. (2012). Int. J. Antennas Propagat.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/176383"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Freeman, R. (2007). Radio System Design for Telecommunication, John Wiley and Sons. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano, E., Frank, R., Ghosh, A., and Pau, G.G.M. (2009, January 12\u201315). Two Ray or not Two Ray This is the Price to Pay. Macau, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBHOC.2009.5336951"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Sommer, C., and Dressler, F. (2011, January 19\u201323). Using the Right Two-Ray Model? A Measurement-Based Evaluation of PHY Models in VANETs. Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Rappaport, T.S. (2009). Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall PTR. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1109\/8.247785","article-title":"Radio propagation characteristics for line-of-sight microcellular and personal communications","volume":"41","author":"Xia","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Advanced Design System (ADS). Available online: www.home.agilent.com\/en\/pc-1297113\/advanced-design-system-ads."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Farahani, S. (2008). Zigbee Wireless Networks and Transceivers, Elsevier Ltd."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dargie, W., and Poellabauer, C. (2010). Fundamental of Wireless Sensor Networks: Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470666388"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Product Manual v1.xEx\u2014802.15.4 Protocol, Digi International, 2013. Available online: http:\/\/www.digi.com\/pdf\/ds_xbeemultipointmodules.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/6\/7065\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:47:04Z","timestamp":1760219224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/6\/7065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s130607065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s130607065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]]}}}