{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:23:07Z","timestamp":1772450587227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a reflective photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor probe for temperature measurement has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The performance of the device depends on the intensity modulation of the optical signal by liquid mixtures infiltrated into the air holes of commercial LMA-8 PCFs. The effective mode field area and the confinement loss of the probe are both proved highly  temperature-dependent based on the finite element method (FEM). The experimental results show that the reflected power exhibits a linear response with a temperature sensitivity of about 1 dB\/\u00b0C. The sensor probe presents a tunable temperature sensitive range due to the concentration of the mixture components. Further research illustrates that with appropriate mixtures of liquids, the probe could be developed as a cryogenic temperature sensor. The temperature sensitivity is about 0.75 dB\/\u00b0C. Such a configuration is promising for a portable, low-power and all-in-fiber device for temperature or refractive index monitoring in chemical or biosensing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130607916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T13:29:43Z","timestamp":1371734983000},"page":"7916-7925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Reflective Photonic Crystal Fiber Temperature Sensor Probe Based on Infiltration with Liquid Mixtures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Jianquan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Yinping","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Device, School of Electronics Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Degang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Mayilamu","family":"Musideke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Liangcheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Congjing","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering,  Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Tianjin University,  Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/37\/18\/R01","article-title":"Overview of high performance fibre-optic sensing","volume":"37","author":"Kirkendall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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