{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:31:24Z","timestamp":1760243484175,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose and experimentally demonstrate the novel radio-frequency (RF) interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor using bidirectional modulation of a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator (MZ-EOM). Based on the microwave photonic technique and active detection, the transfer function of the proposed system was obtained, and the time delay was calculated from the change in the free spectral range (FSR) at different wavelengths over the optimal measuring range. The results show that the time delay and the wavelength variation have a good linear relationship, with a gradient of  9.31 ps\/nm. An actual measurement taken with a sensing FBG for temperature variation shows the relationship with a gradient of 0.93 ps\/10 \u00b0C. The developed system could be used for FBG temperature or strain sensing and other multiplexed sensor applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130708403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]],"date-time":"2013-07-02T11:51:24Z","timestamp":1372765884000},"page":"8403-8411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Novel RF Interrogation of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor  Using Bidirectional Modulation of a Mach-Zehnder  Electro-Optical Modulator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0288-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Grid Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wankai","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Techwin Opto-Electronics Corporation, 230 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District,  Guangzhou 510620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Kyung","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Grid Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1109\/50.618377","article-title":"Fiber grating sensors","volume":"15","author":"Kersey","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightw. Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yin, S.S., Ruffin, P.B., and Yu, F.T.S. (2008). Fiber Optic Sensors, CRC Press. [2nd ed]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2009.2014077","article-title":"High-frequency fiber bragg grating sensing interrogation system using sagnac-loop-based microwave photonic filtering","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20080859","article-title":"High-speed fibre Bragg grating sensor interrogation using dispersion-compensation fibre","volume":"44","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2002.1021997","article-title":"Optical fiber chromatic dispersion measurement using bidirectional modulation of an optical intensity modulator","volume":"14","author":"Jeon","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kashyap, R. (1999). Fiber Bragg Gratings, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012400560-0\/50008-7"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.860478","article-title":"A tutorial on microwave photonic filters","volume":"24","author":"Capmany","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightw. Tech."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/7\/8403\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:47:41Z","timestamp":1760219261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/7\/8403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s130708403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s130708403","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]}}}