{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:33:04Z","timestamp":1760243584888,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Projector-camera systems are currently used in a wide field of applications, such as 3D reconstruction and augmented reality, and can provide accurate measurements, depending on the configuration and calibration. Frequently, the calibration task is divided into two steps: camera calibration followed by projector calibration. The latter still poses certain problems that are not easy to solve, such as the difficulty in obtaining a set of 2D\u20133D points to compute the projection matrix between the projector and the world. Existing methods are either not sufficiently accurate or not flexible. We propose an easy and automatic method to calibrate such systems that consists in projecting a calibration pattern and superimposing it automatically on a known printed pattern. The projected pattern is provided by a virtual camera observing a virtual pattern in an OpenGL model. The projector displays what the virtual camera visualizes. Thus, the projected pattern can be controlled and superimposed on the printed one with the aid of visual servoing. Our experimental results compare favorably with those of other methods considering both usability and accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s131013318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T10:36:24Z","timestamp":1380623784000},"page":"13318-13333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Visual Servoing-Based Method for ProCam Systems Calibration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francois","family":"Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DREAM, Insitut Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubiere 63170, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Aider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DREAM, Insitut Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubiere 63170, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremie","family":"Mosnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DREAM, Insitut Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, Aubiere 63170, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.10.002","article-title":"Pattern codification strategies in structured light systems","volume":"37","author":"Salvi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., and Li, Y.F. (2005, January 2\u20136). Dynamic Calibration of a Structured Light System via Planar Motion. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2005.1545169"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, H., Dai, N., Yuan, T., Cheng, X., and Liao, W. (2008, January 27\u201330). Calibration Algorithm for Structured Light 3D Vision Measuring System. Sanya, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2008.720"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanman, D., Crispell, D., and Taubin, G. (2007, January 21\u201323). Surround Structured Lighting for Full Object Scanning. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DIM.2007.57"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Ouellet, J.-N., Rochette, F., and Hebert, P. (2008, January 18\u201320). Geometric Calibration of a Structured Light System Using Circular Control Points. Atlanta, GA, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadlo, F., Weyrich, T., Peikert, R., and Gross, M. (2005, January 20\u201321). A Practical Structured Light Acquisition System for Point-Based Geometry and Texture. Stony Brook, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PBG.2005.194069"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01450852","article-title":"Model-based object pose in 25 lines of code","volume":"15","author":"DeMenthon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Falcao, G., Hurtos, N., Massich, J., and Fofi, D. Projector\u2013Camera Calibration Toolbox. Available online: http:\/\/code.google.com\/p\/procamcalib."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1418694","article-title":"Digital projector calibration for 3-D active vision systems","volume":"124","author":"Shen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. 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Sin., 1358\u20131362.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-1029(08)60060-9"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Drareni, J., Sturm, P., and Roy, S. (2009, January 5\u20138). Projector Calibration Using a Markerless Plane. Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audet, S., and Okutomi, M. (2009, January 20\u201325). A User-Friendly Method to Geometrically Calibrate Projector\u2013Camera Systems. Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5204319"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Mosnier, J., Berry, F., and Ait-Aider, O. (2009, January 20\u201322). A New Method for Projector Calibration based on Visual Servoing. Kanagawa, Japan."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. (1999, January 20\u201327). Flexible Camera Calibration by Viewing a Plane from Unknown Orientations. Kerkyra, Greece."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2006.250573","article-title":"Visual servo control\u2014Part I: Basic approaches","volume":"13","author":"Chaumette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Robot. Autom. Mag."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/10\/13318\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:49:40Z","timestamp":1760219380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/10\/13318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s131013318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s131013318","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}}}