{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:12:28Z","timestamp":1761621148218,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to develop novel nanoscale biosensors using titania nanotubes (TNTs) made by anodization. Titania nanotubes were produced on pure titanium sheets by anodization at room temperature. In this research, the electrolyte composition ethylene glycol 250 mL\/NH4F 1.5 g\/DI water 20 mL was found to produce the best titania nanotubes array films for application in amperometric biosensors. The amperometric results exhibit an excellent linearity for uric acid (UA) concentrations in the range between 2 and 14 mg\/dL, with 23.3 (\u00b5A\u00b7cm\u22122)\u00b7(mg\/dL)\u22121 UA sensitivity, and a correlation coefficient of 0.993. The glucose biosensor presented a good linear relationship in the lower glucose concentration range between 50 and 125 mg\/dL, and the corresponding sensitivity was approximately 249.6 (\u00b5A\u00b7cm\u22122)\u00b7(100 mg\/dL)\u22121 glucose, with a correlation coefficient of 0.973.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s131014161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T14:49:22Z","timestamp":1382366962000},"page":"14161-14174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Development of Anodic Titania Nanotubes for  Application in High Sensitivity Amperometric Glucose  and Uric Acid Biosensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hsiang-Ching","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Huafan University, Shihding, Taipei Hsien 223-01, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Huafan University, Shihding, Taipei Hsien 223-01, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyh-Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Huafan University, Shihding, Taipei Hsien 223-01, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Lung","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Huafan University, Shihding, Taipei Hsien 223-01, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tai-Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien, 545-61, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x","article-title":"Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery","volume":"102","author":"Clark","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. 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