{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:04:49Z","timestamp":1767917089938,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Aromascan A32S conducting polymer electronic nose was evaluated for the capability of detecting the presence of off-flavor malodorous compounds in catfish meat fillets to assess meat quality for potential merchantability. Sensor array outputs indicated that the aroma profiles of good-flavor (on-flavor) and off-flavor fillets were strongly different as confirmed by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Quality Factor value (QF &gt; 7.9) indicating a significant difference at (P &lt; 0.05). The A32S e-nose effectively discriminated between good-flavor and off-flavor catfish at high levels of accuracy (&gt;90%) and with relatively low rates (\u22645%) of unknown or indecisive determinations in three trials. This A32S e-nose instrument also was capable of detecting the incidence of mild off-flavor in fillets at levels lower than the threshold of human olfactory detection. Potential applications of e-nose technologies for pre- and post-harvest management of production and meat-quality downgrade problems associated with catfish off-flavor are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s131215968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T12:20:55Z","timestamp":1385382055000},"page":"15968-15984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Detection of Off-Flavor in Catfish Using a Conducting Polymer Electronic-Nose Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alphus","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charisse","family":"Oberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, P.O. Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Oberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, P. O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(83)90173-4","article-title":"New off-flavors in pond-cultured channel catfish","volume":"30","author":"Lovell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1983.0131","article-title":"Off-flavors in pond-cultured channel catfish","volume":"15","author":"Lovell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"25","article-title":"Catfish jumping into new territory","volume":"12","author":"Neubacher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Seaf. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Killian, H.S. Off-Flavor (Catfish). 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