{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:34:45Z","timestamp":1760243685201,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent research has indicated that using the mobility of the actuator in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) to achieve mobile data collection can greatly increase the sensor network lifetime. However, mobile data collection may result in unacceptable collection delays in the network if the path of the actuator is too long. Because real-time network applications require meeting data collection delay constraints, planning the path of the actuator is a very important issue to balance the prolongation of the network lifetime and the reduction of the data collection delay. In this paper, a multi-hop routing mobile data collection algorithm is proposed based on dynamic polling point selection with delay constraints to address this issue. The algorithm can actively update the selection of the actuator\u2019s polling points according to the sensor nodes\u2019 residual energies and their locations while also considering the collection delay constraint. It also dynamically constructs the multi-hop routing trees rooted by these polling points to balance the sensor node energy consumption and the extension of the network lifetime. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140100095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T11:26:58Z","timestamp":1387452418000},"page":"95-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Uniform Energy Consumption Algorithm for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Based on Dynamic Polling Point Selection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengfa","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.3390\/s110302899","article-title":"An emergency-adaptive routing scheme for wireless sensor networks for building fire hazard monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6028","DOI":"10.3390\/s90806028","article-title":"MCBT: Multi-hop cluster based stable backbone trees for data collection and dissemination in WSNs","volume":"9","author":"Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8705(03)00003-9","article-title":"Data MULEs: Modeling and analysis of a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks","volume":"1","author":"Shah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gu, Y., Bozdag, D., and Ekici, E. 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