{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:34:50Z","timestamp":1760243690503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes the implementation of a web server using an embedded Altera NIOS II IP core, a general purpose and configurable RISC processor which is embedded in a Cyclone FPGA. The processor uses the \u03bcCLinux operating system to support a Boa web server of dynamic pages using Common Gateway Interface (CGI). The FPGA is configured to act like the master node of a network, and also to control and monitor a network of smart sensors or instruments. In order to develop a totally functional system, the FPGA also includes an implementation of the time-triggered protocol (TTP\/A). Thus, the implemented master node has two interfaces, the webserver that acts as an Internet interface and the other to control the network. This protocol is widely used to connecting smart sensors and actuators and microsystems in embedded real-time systems in different application domains, e.g., industrial, automotive, domotic, etc., although this protocol can be easily replaced by any other because of the inherent characteristics of the FPGA-based technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140100416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T12:54:46Z","timestamp":1388148886000},"page":"416-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A FPGA Embedded Web Server for Remote Monitoring and Control of Smart Sensors Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Magdaleno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Experimental Electronic, Physics and Systems, Universidad de La Laguna, Avd. Francisco Sanchez s\/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Experimental Electronic, Physics and Systems, Universidad de La Laguna, Avd. Francisco Sanchez s\/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Operations Research and Computation, Universidad de La Laguna, Avd. Francisco Sanchez s\/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Experimental Electronic, Physics and Systems, Universidad de La Laguna, Avd. Francisco Sanchez s\/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Experimental Electronic, Physics and Systems, Universidad de La Laguna, Avd. Francisco Sanchez s\/n, 38203 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Szymanski, J.W. (2000, January 6\u20138). Embedded Internet Technology in Process Control Devices. Porto, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cheng, H., and Qin, H. (2005, January 14\u201316). A Design of IEEE 1451.2 Compliant Smart Sensor Based on the NIOS Soft-Core Processor. Xi'an, China."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.20965\/jrm.2005.p0164","article-title":"Field monitoring using sensor-nodes with a web server","volume":"17","author":"Fukatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rob. Mechatron."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Newnes, A. (2002). Embedded Technology Series, Elsevier Science. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuenca, S., Grediaga, A., Llorens, H., and Albero, M. (2007, January 11\u201314). Performance Evaluation of FPGA-Embedded Web Servers. Marrakech, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2007.4511208"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/4236.683798","article-title":"Engineering web technologies for embedded applications","volume":"2","author":"Agranat","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, N., Dakhole, P.K., and Zode, P.P. (2009, January 16\u201318). Embedded Web Server on Nios II Embedded FPGA Platform. Nagpur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETET.2009.89"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805821","article-title":"The time-triggered architecture","volume":"91","author":"Kopetz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-007-0474-2","article-title":"VHDL Implementation of a communication interface for integrated MEMS","volume":"14","author":"Magdaleno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmenreich, W., and Krywult, S. (2005, January 19\u201322). A Comparison of Fieldbus Protocols: LIN 1.3, LIN 2.0, and TTP\/A. Catania, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2005.1612600"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"\u03bcCLinux Embedded Linux\/Microcontroller Project. Available online: http:\/\/www.uclinux.org."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Altera Cyclone II Device Handbook. Available online: http:\/\/www.altera.com\/products\/devices\/cyclone2\/cy2-index.jsp."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Guide to Getting Started with \u03bcCLinux. Available online: www.uclinux.org."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, F., and Chen, H. (2009, January 8\u20139). \u03bcCLinux-Based WEBSERVER Realization on ARM Platform. Sanya, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCCM.2009.5270456"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Doolittle, L., and Nelson, J. Boa Webserver. Available online: http:\/\/www.boa.org."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Altera Corporation NIOS II Embedded Processor. Available online: http:\/\/www.altera.com\/products\/ip\/processors\/nios2\/ni2-index.html."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Carretero, J. (2001). Sistemas Operativos. Una Visi\u00f3n Aplicada, McGraw-Hill. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Wang, Z.X., and Ren, X.Y. (2008, January 20\u201322). A Study on CGI of Embedded Webserver. Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobai, R., and Sekanina, L. (2013, January 16\u201319). Towards Evolvable Systems Based on the Xilinx Zynq Platform. Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICES.2013.6613287"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/1\/416\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:51:39Z","timestamp":1760219499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/1\/416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s140100416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s140100416","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]}}}