{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:37:46Z","timestamp":1774363066843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe a chemical sensor based on a simple synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZNRs) for the detection of dopamine molecules by a potentiometric approach. The polar nature of dopamine leads to a change of surface charges on the ZNR surface via metal ligand bond formation which results in a measurable electrical signal. ZNRs were grown on a gold-coated glass substrate by a low temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) method. Polymeric membranes incorporating \u03b2-cyclodextrin (\u03b2-CD) and potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate was immobilized on the ZNR surface. The fabricated electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The grown ZNRs were well aligned and exhibited good crystal quality. The present sensor system displays a stable potential response for the detection of dopamine in 10\u22122 mol\u00b7L\u22121 acetic acid\/sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5.45 within a wide concentration range of 1 \u00d7 10\u22126 M\u20131 \u00d7 10\u22121 M, with sensitivity of 49 mV\/decade. The electrode shows a good response time (less than 10 s) and excellent repeatability. This finding can contribute to routine analysis in laboratories studying the neuropharmacology of catecholamines. Moreover, the metal-ligand bonds can be further exploited to detect DA receptors, and for bio-imaging applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140101654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T12:48:09Z","timestamp":1389962889000},"page":"1654-1664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Incorporating \u03b2-Cyclodextrin with ZnO Nanorods: A Potentiometric Strategy for Selectivity and Detection of Dopamine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Elhag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, Norrk\u00f6ping SE-60174, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Zafar","family":"Ibupoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, Norrk\u00f6ping SE-60174, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Nur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, Norrk\u00f6ping SE-60174, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Willander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, Norrk\u00f6ping SE-60174, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126A","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50008a001","article-title":"Probing brain chemistry with electroanalytical techniques","volume":"48","author":"Adams","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. 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