{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:18:31Z","timestamp":1779358711475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the results of an evaluation of the performance of the Leap Motion Controller with the aid of a professional, high-precision, fast motion tracking system. A set of static and dynamic measurements was performed with different numbers of tracking objects and configurations. For the static measurements, a plastic arm model simulating a human arm was used. A set of 37 reference locations was selected to cover the controller\u2019s sensory space. For the dynamic measurements, a special V-shaped tool, consisting of two tracking objects maintaining a constant distance between them, was created to simulate two human fingers. In the static scenario, the standard deviation was less than 0.5 mm. The linear correlation revealed a significant increase in the standard deviation when moving away from the controller. The results of the dynamic scenario revealed the inconsistent performance of the controller, with a significant drop in accuracy for samples taken more than 250 mm above the controller\u2019s surface. The Leap Motion Controller undoubtedly represents a revolutionary input device for gesture-based human-computer interaction; however, due to its rather limited sensory space and inconsistent sampling frequency, in its current configuration it cannot currently be used as a professional tracking system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140203702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]],"date-time":"2014-02-21T11:55:11Z","timestamp":1392983711000},"page":"3702-3720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":319,"title":["An Analysis of the Precision and Reliability of the Leap Motion Sensor and Its Suitability for Static and Dynamic Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5161-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u017ee","family":"Guna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grega","family":"Jakus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matev\u017e","family":"Poga\u010dnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161o","family":"Toma\u017ei\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaka","family":"Sodnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.817127","article-title":"User-centered modeling and evaluation of multimodal interfaces","volume":"91","author":"Oviatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.07.003","article-title":"Multimodal interaction: A review","volume":"36","author":"Matthew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bhuiyan, M., and Picking, R. (2009, January 25\u201329). Gesture-Controlled User Interfaces, What Have We Done and What's Next?. Darmstadt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.109","article-title":"The wiimote and beyond: Spatially convenient devices for 3D user interfaces","volume":"30","author":"Wingrave","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2012.24","article-title":"Microsoft kinect sensor and its effect","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE MultiMedia"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Leap Motion Controller. 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Effects of Tracking Technology Latency, and Spatial Jitter on Object Movement. Lafayette, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2009.4811204"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Hernoux, F., B\u00e9ar\u00e9e, R., Gajny, L., Nyiri, E., Bancalin, J., and Gibaru, O. Leap Motion pour la capture de mouvement 3D par spline L1. Application \u00e0 la robotique. Journ\u00e9es du Groupe de Travail en Mod\u00e9lisation G\u00e9om\u00e9trique 2013, Marseille, (in French)."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Vikram, S. (May, January 27). Handwriting and Gestures in the Air, Recognizing on the Fly. Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regenbrecht, H., Collins, J., and Hoermann, S. (2013, January 25\u201329). A Leap-Supported, Hybrid AR Interface Approach. Adelaide, Australia.","DOI":"10.1145\/2541016.2541053"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6380","DOI":"10.3390\/s130506380","article-title":"Analysis of the accuracy and robustness of the leap motion controller","volume":"13","author":"Weichert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/2\/3702\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:08:28Z","timestamp":1760216908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/2\/3702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s140203702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s140203702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,21]]}}}