{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T13:17:17Z","timestamp":1769692637143,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been shown that impact damage to composite materials can be revealed  by embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) as a broadening and splitting of the latter\u2019s characteristic narrow peak reflected spectrum. The current work further subjected the impact damaged composite to cyclic loading and found that the FBG spectrum gradually submerged into a rise of background intensity as internal damages progressed. By skipping the impact, directing the impact to positions away from the FBG and examining the extracted fibers, we concluded that the above change is not a result of deterioration\/damage of the sensor. It is caused solely by the damages initiated in the composite by the impact and aggravated by fatigue loading. Evolution of the grating spectrum may therefore be used to monitor qualitatively the development of the incurred damages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T11:27:10Z","timestamp":1393846030000},"page":"4144-4153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Post-Impact Fatigue Damage Monitoring Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chow-Shing","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shien-Kuei","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei  10607,  Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Talreja., R.R. 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Tech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2011.02.020","article-title":"Damage monitoring of CFRP stiffened panels under compressive load using FBG sensors","volume":"94","author":"Takeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2006.05.023","article-title":"Evaluating impact damage in CFRP using fibre optic sensors","volume":"67","author":"Chambers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearson, J., Prabhugoud, M., Zikry, M., and Peters, K. (2006, January 26). In-Situ Failure Identification in Woven Composites throughout Impact Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. 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Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2006.07.001","article-title":"Impact wave and damage detections using a strain-free fiber Bragg grating ultrasonic receiver","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"NDT & E Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/10\/2\/321","article-title":"Residual strain measurement and impact response of optical fibre Bragg grating sensors in fibre metal laminates","volume":"10","author":"Kuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/10426910903426414","article-title":"Fiber Bragg Gratings array for structural health monitoring","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Manuf. 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