{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:26:50Z","timestamp":1760243210336,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To develop a convenient; sensitive; accurate; and economical technique for genotyping of hepatitis B viruses (HBVs). Methods: The mercapto-modified B1; B2; C1; and C2-specific genotyping probes consisted of two probes for each HBV genotype that served as a double verification system. These probes were fixed on the surface of No. 1; 2; 3; and 4 gold electrodes; respectively; via Au-S bonds. Different charge generated by the binding of RuHex to phosphate groups of the DNA backbone before and after hybridization was used for distinguishing the different genotypes. Results: During hybridization with genotype B; the charges detected at the No. 1 and 2 electrodes were significantly increased; while the charge at the No. 3 and 4 electrodes did not change significantly. During hybridization with genotype C; the charges detected at No. 3 and 4 electrodes were significantly increased; while the signals remained unchanged at the No. 1 and 2 electrodes. During hybridization with mixed genotypes (B and C); the charges detected at all four electrodes were significantly increased. The linear range of detection was 10\u20137 to 10\u201310 mol\/L and the sensitivity for detecting mixed B (10%) or C (10%). Conclusions: Rapid genotyping of HBVs based on electrochemical sensing is simple, has good specificity; and can greatly reduce the cost. This method can be used for sensitive detection of mixed B and C HBV genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140305611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T12:06:02Z","timestamp":1395317162000},"page":"5611-5621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of an Electrochemical Sensing Technique for Rapid Genotyping of Hepatitis B Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaohuang","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicines, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ailin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,  Fuzhou 35000, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Technology and Engineering College,  Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 35000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,  Fuzhou 35000, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Technology and Engineering College,  Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 35000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,  Fuzhou 35000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qicai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,  Fuzhou 35000, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Technology and Engineering College,  Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 35000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80771-0","article-title":"A new intertype recombinant between genotypes C and D of hepatitis B virus identified in China","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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