{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:11:50Z","timestamp":1768619510556,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Applications of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to the analysis of cultural heritage are presented. Examples range from historic wall paintings and stone sculptures to 20th century iconic design objects. A detailed description of the instrumentation developed and employed for analysis in the laboratory or in situ is given. Both instruments rely on a pulsed laser source coupled to a gated detection system, but differ in the type of information they provide. Applications of FLIM to the analysis of model samples and for the in-situ monitoring of works of art range from the analysis of organic materials and pigments in wall paintings, the detection of trace organic substances on stone sculptures, to the mapping of luminescence in late 19th century paintings. TRPL and FLIM are employed as sensors for the detection of the degradation of design objects made in plastic. Applications and avenues for future research are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140406338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1396436987000},"page":"6338-6355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and  Imaging: New Approaches to the Analysis of Cultural  Heritage and Its Degradation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Nevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie\u2014Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cesaratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bellei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie\u2014Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"D'Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70\/3, I-20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Toniolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica \"G. Natta\", Politecnico di Milano,  via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Comelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-011-6699-z","article-title":"Laser spectroscopies for elemental and molecular analysis in art and archaeology","volume":"106","author":"Nevin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. 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