{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T07:08:06Z","timestamp":1765177686420,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Model Based Design (MBD) approach is a popular trend to speed up application development of embedded systems, which uses high-level abstractions to capture functional requirements in an executable manner, and which automates implementation code generation. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging very promising application area for embedded systems. However, there is a lack of tools in this area, which would allow an application developer to model a WSN application by using high level abstractions, simulate it mapped to a multi-node scenario for functional analysis, and finally use the refined model to automatically generate code for different WSN platforms. Motivated by this idea, in this paper we present a hybrid simulation framework that not only follows the MBD approach for WSN application development, but also interconnects a simulated sub-network with a physical sub-network and then allows one to co-simulate them, which is also known as Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140611070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T02:39:58Z","timestamp":1403577598000},"page":"11070-11096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Model-Based Approach for Bridging Virtual and Physical Sensor Nodes in a Hybrid Simulation Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mozumdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, 1250 N. Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Lavagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Sangiovanni-Vincentelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EECS Department, University of California at Berkeley, Cory Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ZIGBEE. 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