{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:39:38Z","timestamp":1778168378942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, mobile phones, wearable devices, temperature and human motion detectors are integrated as smart sensors for enabling smart air conditioning control. Smart sensors obtain feedback, especially occupants\u2019 information, from mobile phones and wearable devices placed on human body. The information can be used to adjust air conditioners in advance according to humans\u2019 intentions, in so-called intention causing control. Experimental results show that the indoor temperature can be controlled accurately with errors of less than \u00b10.1 \u00b0C. Rapid cool down can be achieved within 2 min to the optimized indoor capacity after occupants enter a room. It\u2019s also noted that within  two-hour operation the total compressor output of the smart air conditioner is 48.4% less than that of the one using On-Off control. The smart air conditioner with wearable devices could detect the human temperature and activity during sleep to determine the sleeping state and adjusting the sleeping function flexibly. The sleeping function optimized by the smart air conditioner with wearable devices could reduce the energy consumption up to 46.9% and keep the human health. The presented smart air conditioner could provide a comfortable environment and achieve the goals of energy conservation and environmental protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140611179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T02:49:43Z","timestamp":1403664583000},"page":"11179-11203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Smart Sensors Enable Smart Air Conditioning Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chin-Chi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dasheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2007.03.007","article-title":"A review on buildings energy consumption information","volume":"40","author":"Ortiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2008.09.002","article-title":"Energy efficient control of variable speed pumps in complex building central air-conditioning systems","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2006.08.009","article-title":"Modeling, identification and control of air-conditioning systems","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2011.03.041","article-title":"Performance of temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning system in an office building","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2008.02.031","article-title":"The application of fuzzy control on energy saving for multi-unit room air-conditioners","volume":"29","author":"Chiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Samsung Smart Series of Split A\/C's\u2014Air Conditioner. Available online: http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/au\/consumer\/home-appliances\/airconditioner\/wall-mounted-air-conditioners\/AQV30TWDNXSA-features."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"DAIKIN Smart App. Available online: http:\/\/www.daikinaircon.com\/app\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.3390\/s110202013","article-title":"Energy saving effects of wireless sensor networks: A case study of convenience stores in Taiwan","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Callen, H.B. (1985). Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, Wiley. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Stoecker, W.F. (1983). Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Munson, B.R., Young, D.F., and Okiishi, T.H. (2005). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Wiley. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Simple Self-Assessment Manual for Indoor Environment Quality. Available online: http:\/\/www.moi.gov.tw\/files\/moi_note_file\/moi_note_file_61.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"MATLAB\u2014The Language of Technical Computing\u2014MathWorks. Available online: http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/products\/matlab\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Kuo, B.C. (1975). Automatic Control Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc.. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Wearable Devices. Available online: http:\/\/www.strategyanalytics.com\/default.aspx?mod=pressreleaseviewer&a0=5438."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"In-Snergy iFamily from Institute of Information Industry. Available online: http:\/\/ifamily.insnergy.com\/html\/home.jsp."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(1995). Standard 7730, Moderate Thermal Environments\u2014Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort, International Standards Organization."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/6\/11179\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:12:52Z","timestamp":1760217172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/6\/11179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s140611179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s140611179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]}}}