{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T19:49:30Z","timestamp":1771530570265,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was funded by the ARAKNES Project (FP7-ICT-2007-224565), the 'Information and Communication Technologies' program under the 7th Research Framework Program of the European Union and by the FET programme within the 7th FP for Research of the Europ"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) is the most common polymer matrix used in the fabrication of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). However, the surfaces of PVC-based sensors have been reported to show membrane instability. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, here we developed two alternative methods for the preparation of highly stable and robust ion-selective sensors. These platforms are based on the selective electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), where the sulfur atoms contained in the polymer covalently interact with the gold electrode, also permitting controlled selective attachment on a miniaturized electrode in an array format. This platform sensor was improved with the crosslinking of the membrane compounds with poly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG), thus also increasing the biocompatibility of the sensor. The resulting ISE membranes showed faster signal stabilization of the sensor response compared with that of the PVC matrix and also better reproducibility and stability, thus making these platforms highly suitable candidates for the manufacture of robust implantable sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140711844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]],"date-time":"2014-07-04T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1404470256000},"page":"11844-11854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Miniaturizable Ion-Selective Arrays Based on Highly Stable Polymer Membranes for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1490-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Mir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac, 10\u201312, Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna, 11, Zaragoza 50018, Spain"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac, 10\u201312, Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Barcelona University (UB), Mart\u00ed I Franques, 1,  Barcelona 08028, Spain"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Tahirbegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac, 10\u201312, Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Barcelona University (UB), Mart\u00ed I Franques, 1,  Barcelona 08028, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Samitier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac, 10\u201312, Barcelona 08028, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna, 11, Zaragoza 50018, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Barcelona University (UB), Mart\u00ed I Franques, 1,  Barcelona 08028, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1021\/ed074p167","article-title":"The Seventies\u2014Golden Age for Ion Selective Electrodes","volume":"74","author":"Ruzicka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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