{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:28:28Z","timestamp":1760243308099,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless mesh networking is a promising technology that can support  numerous multimedia applications. Multimedia applications have stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, i.e., bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio. Enabling such QoS-demanding applications over wireless mesh networks (WMNs) require QoS provisioning routing protocols that lead to the network resource underutilization problem. Moreover, random topology deployment leads to have some unused network resources. Therefore, resource optimization is one of the most critical design issues in multi-hop, multi-radio WMNs enabled with multimedia applications. Resource optimization has been studied extensively in the literature for wireless Ad Hoc and sensor networks, but existing studies have not considered resource underutilization issues caused by QoS provisioning routing and random topology deployment. Finding a QoS-provisioned path in wireless mesh networks is an NP complete problem. In this paper, we propose a novel Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization model to reconstruct the optimal connected mesh backbone topology with a minimum number of links and relay nodes which satisfies the given end-to-end QoS demands for multimedia traffic and identification of extra resources, while maintaining redundancy. We further propose a polynomial time heuristic algorithm called Link and Node Removal Considering Residual Capacity and Traffic Demands (LNR-RCTD). Simulation studies prove that our heuristic algorithm provides near-optimal results and saves about 20% of resources from being wasted by QoS provisioning routing and random topology deployment.     <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140814500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T13:18:55Z","timestamp":1407503935000},"page":"14500-14525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Resource Optimization Scheme for Multimedia-Enabled Wireless Mesh Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amjad","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University,  Yongin 446-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University,  Yongin 446-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Piran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University,  Yongin 446-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University,  Yongin 446-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.071406","article-title":"A collision-free MAC scheme for multimedia wireless mesh backbone","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2010.2057014","article-title":"Application-centric routing for video streaming over multi-hop wireless networks","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Global Video Surveillance Market Applications and Management Services Forecasts (2010\u20132015. Available online: https:\/\/www.asdreports.com\/shopexd.asp?id=28724."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, H., Chen, G., Xiong, N., and Zhuang, X. (2009, January 10\u201311). Static Channel Assignment Algorithm in Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks. Zhangjiajie, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBERC.2009.5342166"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Skalli, H., Das, S.K., Lenzini, L., and Conti, M. (2006). Traffic and Interference Aware Channel Assignment for Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks, IMT Lucca. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, B.J., Misra, V., Padhye, J., and Rubenstein, D. (2007, January 11\u201315). Distributed Channel Assignment in Multi-radio 802.11 Mesh Networks. Kowloon, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.727"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, D., Mishra, A., Springborn, K., Banerjee, S., and Ganguly, S. (2006, January 25\u201328). Dynamic Interference Adaptation for Wireless Mesh Networks. Reston, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIMESH.2006.288601"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramachandran, K.N., Belding-Royer, E.M., Almeroth, K.C., and Buddhikot, M.M. (2006, January 13). Interference-Aware Channel Assignment in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks. Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2006.177"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2008.75","article-title":"Trade-offs between stretch factor and load-balancing ratio in routing on growth-restricted graphs","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Ban, X., Zeng, W., Sarkar, R., Gu, X., and Gao, J. (2011, January 10\u2013;15). Spherical representation and polyhedron routing for load balancing in wireless sensor networks. Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2011.5935240"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, D.A., and Raghavendra, H. (2005, January 13\u201317). Routing with congestion awareness and adaptivity in mobile ad hoc networks. New Orleans, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2006.151"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2007.4395108","article-title":"A survey of routing protocols that support QoS in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/1030194.1015483","article-title":"Comparison of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks","volume":"34","author":"Draves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Sigcomm. Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.837347","article-title":"Balancing transport and physical layers in wireless multihop networks: Jointly optimal congestion control and power control","volume":"23","author":"Chiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Chen, L., Low, S.H., and Doyle, J.C. (2005, January 13\u201317). Joint congestion control and media access control design for ad hoc wireless networks. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Eryilmaz, A., and Srikant, R. (2005, January 13\u201317). Fair resource allocation in wireless networks using Queue-length based scheduling and congestion control. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2005.847717","article-title":"Capacity and delay tradeoffs for ad-hoc mobile networks","volume":"51","author":"Neely","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Musaloiu-Elefteri, R. (2010). Practical Wireless Mesh Networks and Their Applications, Johns Hopkins University."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Bicket, J., Biswas, S., Aguayo, D., and Morris, R. (, January August). Architecture and evaluation of the MIT Roofnet mesh network. Cologne, Germany."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bicket, J., Aguayo, D., Biswas, S., and Morris, R. (2005, January 28). Architecture and evaluation of an unplanned 802.11 b mesh network. Cologne, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/1080829.1080833"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merlin, S., Vaidya, N., and Zorzi, M. (2008, January 13\u201318). Resource allocation in multi-radio multi-channel multi-hop wireless networks. Phoenix, AZ, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2008.110"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2011.03.012","article-title":"Complexity and design of QoS routing algorithms in wireless mesh networks","volume":"34","author":"Bakhshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1145\/1089733.1089736","article-title":"Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor Networks","volume":"37","author":"Santi","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiasserini, C.F., Chlamtac, I., Monti, P., and Nucci, A. (2002, January 9). Energy efficient design of wireless ad hoc networks. Pisa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47906-6_30"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Adamou, M., and Sarkar, S. (2002, January 23\u201326). A framework for optimal battery management for wireless nodes. New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1109\/49.932692","article-title":"Energy efficient battery management","volume":"19","author":"Chiasserini","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S., Woo, M., and Raghavendra, C.S. (1998, January 25\u201330). Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/288235.288286"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Zheng, R., and Kravets, R. (April, January 30). On-demand power management for ad-hoc networks. San Franciso, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Kawadia, V., and Kumar, P.R. (April, January 30). Power Control and Clustering in Ad Hoc Networks. San Franciso, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/35.925682","article-title":"Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad-hoc networks","volume":"39","author":"Toh","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080580","article-title":"Power controlled network protocols for multi-rate ad hoc networks","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1145\/502059.502049","article-title":"Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low-level naming","volume":"35","author":"Heidemann","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., and Estrin, D. (2000, January 25\u201330). Directed dif- fusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345920"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Intanagonwiwat, C., Estrin, D., Govindan, R., and Heidemann, J. (2002, January 2\u20135). Impact of network density on data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Chang, J.H., and Tassiulas, L. (2000, January 26\u201330). Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks. Tel Aviv, Israel."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1109\/71.969123","article-title":"Power-aware localized routing in wireless networks","volume":"12","author":"Stojmenovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1145\/997122.997130","article-title":"Centralized channel assignment and routing algorithms for multi-channel wireless mesh networks","volume":"8","author":"Raniwala","year":"2004","journal-title":"ACM Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev. (MC2R)"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Kyasanur, P., and Vaidya, N.F. (2005, January 13\u201317). Routing and interface assignment in multi-channel multi-interface wireless networks. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Raniwala, A., and Chiueh, T.C. (2005, January 13\u201317). Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Jia, X., Li, D., and Du, D. (2004, January 7\u201311). QoS topology control in ad hoc wireless networks. New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Li, D., and Jia, X. (2006, January 13\u201315). QoS topology control with minimal total energy cost in ad hoc wireless network. Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1155\/WCN\/2006\/82417"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Zhu, C., and Corson, M.S. (2002, January 23\u201327). QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks. New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, J., Xue, G., and Zhang, W. (2005, January 25\u201327). Interference-aware topology control and QoS routing in multi-channel wireless mesh networks. Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1062689.1062700"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2007.04.001","article-title":"Cost-effective mobile ad hoc networks management","volume":"23","author":"Grigoras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fut. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Grigoras, D. (2003, January 5\u201310). Service-oriented naming scheme for wireless ad hoc networks. Sinaia, Romania."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Neff, D. Wireless Philadelphia Business Plan: Wireless Broadband as the Foundation for a Digital City. Available online: http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/showciting?cid=3926066."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg, S., and Kanade, G. (2011, January 20\u201323). Topology construction for rural wireless mesh networks\u2014A geometric approach. Santander, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21931-3_9"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2009.5281257","article-title":"Topology control for service-oriented wireless mesh networks","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080720","article-title":"What is the right model for wireless channel interference?","volume":"8","author":"Iyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1109\/18.825799","article-title":"The capacity of wireless networks","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2011.02.001","article-title":"On-line joint QoS routing and channel assignment in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks","volume":"34","author":"Bakhshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"39","article-title":"APAC: An exact algorithm for retrieving cycles and paths in all kinds of graphs","volume":"12","author":"Simoes","year":"2009","journal-title":"T\u00e9khne"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2010.10.011","article-title":"Channel allocation in multi-channel wireless mesh networks","volume":"34","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"3GPP Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects Services Aspects; Services and Services Capabilities, TS 22.105 V6.0.0 (2002\u20132009) (Release 6). Available online: http:\/\/www.3gpp.org."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/8\/14500\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:14:34Z","timestamp":1760217274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/14\/8\/14500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s140814500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s140814500","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]}}}