{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:37:44Z","timestamp":1774384664452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A RF powering circuit used in radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and other batteryless embedded devices is presented in this paper. The RF powering circuit harvests energy from electromagnetic waves and converts the RF energy to a stable voltage source. Analysis of a NMOS gate-cross connected bridge rectifier is conducted to demonstrate relationship between device sizes and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier. A rectifier with 38.54% PCE under normal working conditions is designed. Moreover, a stable voltage regulator with a temperature and voltage optimizing strategy including adoption of a combination resistor is developed, which is able to accommodate a large input range of 4 V to 12 V and be immune to temperature variations. Latch-up prevention and noise isolation methods in layout design are also presented. Designed with the HJTC 0.25 \u03bcm process, this regulator achieves 0.04 mV\/\u00b0C temperature rejection  ratio (TRR) and 2.5 mV\/V voltage rejection ratio (VRR). The RF powering circuit is  also fabricated in the HJTC 0.25 \u03bcm process. The area of the RF powering circuit is  0.23 \u00d7 0.24 mm2. The RF powering circuit is successfully integrated with ISO\/IEC  15693-compatible and ISO\/IEC 14443-compatible RFID tag chips.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s140814839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T12:15:41Z","timestamp":1407932141000},"page":"14839-14857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Design and Implementation of a RF Powering Circuit for RFID Tags or Other Batteryless Embedded Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,  Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rencai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,  Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,  Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,  Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science & Technology,  Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chiao-Tzu, H., Shu-Jen, W., Wei-Ling, W., and Yung-Sheng, W. 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