{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:50:00Z","timestamp":1788364200605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanopore technology has been developed for detecting properties of proteins through monitoring of ionic current modulations as protein passes via a nanosize pore.  As a real-time, sensitive, selective and stable technology, biological nanopores are of widespread concern. Here, we introduce the background of nanopore researches in the area of \u03b1-hemolysin (\u03b1-HL) nanopores in protein conformation detections and protein\u2013ligand interactions. Moreover, several original biological nanopores are also introduced with various features and functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s141018211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T11:16:45Z","timestamp":1411989405000},"page":"18211-18222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Single-Molecule Study of Proteins by Biological Nanopore Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1079","article-title":"Rapid nanopore discrimination between single polynucleotide molecules","volume":"97","author":"Meller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. 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