{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T20:37:54Z","timestamp":1769200674016,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT &amp; Future Plannig,Korea","award":["No.2012M3C4A7032182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2012M3C4A7032182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A wearable guidance system is designed to provide context-dependent guidance messages to blind people while they traverse local pathways. The system is composed of three parts: moving scene analysis, walking context estimation and audio message delivery. The combination of a downward-pointing laser scanner and a camera is used to solve the challenging problem of moving scene analysis. By integrating laser data profiles and image edge profiles, a multimodal profile model is constructed to estimate jointly the ground plane, object locations and object types, by using a Bayesian network. The outputs of the moving scene analysis are further employed to estimate the walking context, which is defined as a fuzzy safety level that is inferred through a fuzzy logic model. Depending on the estimated walking context, the audio messages that best suit the current context are delivered to the user in a flexible manner. The proposed system is tested under various local pathway scenes, and the results confirm its efficiency in assisting blind people to attain autonomous mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s141018670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T10:20:20Z","timestamp":1412850020000},"page":"18670-18700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Context-Aware-Based Audio Guidance System for Blind People Using a Multimodal Profile Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering Department, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu,  Seoul 156-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngjoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering Department, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu,  Seoul 156-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Prevention of Blindness. 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