{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:02:19Z","timestamp":1765040539311,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Camphor sulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyamide 6\/polyaniline (PA6\/PANI) composite nanofibers were fabricated using in situ polymerization of aniline under different CSA concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 M) with electrospun PA6 nanofibers as templates. The structural, morphological and ammonia sensing properties of the prepared composite nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), four-point probe techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a home-made gas sensing test system. All the results indicated that the CSA concentration had a great influence on the sensing properties of CSA-doped PA6\/PANI composite nanofibers. The composite nanofibers doped with 0.02 M CSA showed the best ammonia sensing properties, with a significant sensitivity toward ammonia (NH3) at room temperature, superior to that of the composite nanofibers doped with 0.04\u20130.10 mol\/L CSA. It was found that for high concentrations of CSA, the number of PANI\u2013H+ reacted with NH3 would not make up a high proportion of all PANI\u2013H+ within certain limits. As a result,  within a certain range even though higher CSA-doped PA6\/PANI nanofibers had better conductivity, their ammonia sensing performance would degrade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s141121453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T11:22:30Z","timestamp":1415877750000},"page":"21453-21465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of CSA Concentration on the Ammonia Sensing Properties of CSA-Doped PA6\/PANI Composite Nanofibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zengyuan","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,  Jiangsu, China"}]},{"given":"Jiapeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,  Jiangsu, China"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,  Jiangsu, China"}]},{"given":"Fenglin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,  Jiangsu, China"}]},{"given":"Qufu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122,  Jiangsu, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2011.12.012","article-title":"Measurements on room temperature gas sensing properties of CSA doped polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposites","volume":"45","author":"Patil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr05864f","article-title":"Urchin-like polypyrrole nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective chemiresistive sensor application","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6509","DOI":"10.3390\/s110706509","article-title":"A single polyaniline nanofiber field effect transistor and its gas sensing mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7965","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607965","article-title":"Synergistic effects in the gas sensitivity of polypyrrole\/single wall carbon nanotube composites","volume":"12","author":"Huyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201300641","article-title":"Electrospun polyaniline\/poly(ethylene oxide) composite nanofibers based gas sensor","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.3390\/s121217046","article-title":"Ammonia sensing behaviors of TiO2-PANI\/PA6 composite nanofibers","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2006.12.077","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of polyaniline\/manganese dioxide composites and their catalytic activity","volume":"308","author":"Gemeay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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