{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:27:25Z","timestamp":1760243245341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high accuracy localization technique using Long Term Evolution (LTE) based on a new and accurate multiple carrier noise model has been developed. In the noise consideration, the LTE multiple carriers phase noise has been incorporated so that a new and accurate noise model is achieved. An experiment was performed to characterize the phase noise of carriers at 2 GHz. The developed noise model was incorporated into LTE localization analysis in a high traffic area in Hong Kong to evaluate the accuracy of localization. The evaluation and analysis reveals that the new localization method achieves an improvement of about 10% accuracy comparing to existing widely adopted schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s141222613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T10:41:20Z","timestamp":1417084880000},"page":"22613-22618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High Accuracy Localization of Long Term Evolution Based on a New Multiple Carrier Noise Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wah","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University,  Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Faan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Chung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Wing","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-009-0046-7","article-title":"Simultaneous localization of multiple unknown CSMA-based wireless sensor network nodes using a mobile robot with a directional antenna","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intell. 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