{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:54:20Z","timestamp":1780584860629,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Winemaking is a dynamic process, where microbiological and chemical effects may strongly differentiate products from the same vineyard and even between wine vats. This high variability means an increase in work in terms of control and process management. The winemaking process therefore requires a site-specific approach in order to optimize cellar practices and quality management, suggesting a new concept of winemaking, identified as Precision Enology. The Institute of Biometeorology of the Italian National Research Council has developed a wireless monitoring system, consisting of a series of nodes integrated in barrel bungs with sensors for the measurement of wine physical and chemical parameters in the barrel. This paper describes an open-source evolution of the preliminary prototype, using Arduino-based technology. Results have shown good performance in terms of data transmission and accuracy, minimal size and power consumption. The system has been designed to create a low-cost product, which allows a remote and real-time control of wine evolution in each barrel, minimizing costs and time for sampling and laboratory analysis. The possibility of integrating any kind of sensors makes the system a flexible tool that can satisfy various monitoring needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s141223388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T10:20:05Z","timestamp":1417774805000},"page":"23388-23397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["An Open-Source and Low-Cost Monitoring System for Precision Enology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0065-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore Filippo","family":"Di Gennaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caproni 8, Firenze 50145, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8244-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Matese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caproni 8, Firenze 50145, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Mancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Parma (UNIPR), Viale G.P. Usberti, 181\/A, Parma 43124, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Primicerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Caproni 8, Firenze 50145, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino (UNITO), Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Torino 10095, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Palliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranasinghe, D.C., Falkner, N.J.G., Pan, C., and Wu, H. (2013, January 2\u20135). Wireless sensing platform for remote monitoring and control of wine fermentation. Melbourne, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSNIP.2013.6529841"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Anastasi, G., Farruggia, O., Lo Re, G., and Ortolani, M. (2009, January 5\u20138). Monitoring high-quality wine production using wireless sensor networks. Waikoloa, Big Island, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.3390\/s130302848","article-title":"A novel low-cost sensor prototype for monitoring temperature during wine fermentation in tanks","volume":"13","author":"Sainz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Scharfglass, K., Lehmer, A., and Oliver, J. (2012). Wireless Sensor Network for Wine Fermentation, California Polytechnic State University. 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