{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:20:24Z","timestamp":1768288824616,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we investigate multilayered lossy and heterogeneous media for wireless body area networks (WBAN) to develop a simple, fast and efficient analytical in-to-out body path loss (PL) model at 2.45 GHz and, thus, avoid time-consuming simulations. The PL model is an antenna-independent model and is validated with simulations in layered medium, as well as in a 3D human model using electromagnetic solvers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T10:58:34Z","timestamp":1419850714000},"page":"408-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["In-to-Out Body Antenna-Independent Path Loss Model for Multilayered Tissues and Heterogeneous Medium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Kurup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds, Deptartment of Information Technology Gaston Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Vermeeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds, Deptartment of Information Technology Gaston Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmeric","family":"Tanghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds, Deptartment of Information Technology Gaston Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wout","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds, Deptartment of Information Technology Gaston Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds, Deptartment of Information Technology Gaston Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Characterization of path loss and absorption for a wireless radio frequency link between an in-body endoscopy capsule and a receiver outside the body","volume":"2014","author":"Roman","year":"2014","journal-title":"EURASIP J. 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