{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:18:54Z","timestamp":1760955534325,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated a novel method of fusing visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) images with the major objective of obtaining higher-resolution IR images. Most existing image fusion methods focus only on visual performance and many fail to consider the thermal physical properties of the IR images, leading to spectral distortion in the fused image. In this study, we use the IR thermal physical property to correct the VIS image directly. Specifically, the Stefan-Boltzmann Law is used as a strong constraint to modulate the VIS image, such that the fused result shows a similar level of regional thermal energy as the original IR image, while preserving the high-resolution structural features from the VIS image. This method is an improvement over our previous study, which required  VIS-IR multi-wavelet fusion before the same correction method was applied. The results of experiments show that applying this correction to the VIS image directly without  multi-resolution analysis (MRA) processing achieves similar results, but is considerably more computationally efficient, thereby providing a new perspective on VIS and IR  image fusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T10:17:08Z","timestamp":1420453028000},"page":"703-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Direct Fusion of Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Visible and Infrared Images Based on Thermal Physical Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,  Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buzha","family":"Wulie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pyramid methods in image processing","volume":"29","author":"Adelson","year":"1984","journal-title":"RCA Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.03.010","article-title":"A wavelet-based image fusion tutorial","volume":"37","author":"Ganzalo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Piella, G. 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