{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:33:10Z","timestamp":1769524390149,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61275003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61275003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51327005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51327005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20101101110016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20101101110016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An image stabilization optical system using deformable freeform mirrors is proposed that enables the ray sets to couple dynamically in the object and image space. It aims to correct image blurring and degradation when there is relative movement between the imaging optical axis and the object. In this method, Fermat\u2019s principle and matrix methods are used to describe the optical path of the entire optical system with a shift object plane and a fixed corresponding image plane in the carrier coordinate system. A constant optical path length is determined for each ray set, so the correspondence between the object and the shift free image point is used to calculate the solution to the points on the surface profile of the deformable mirrors (DMs). Off-axis three-mirror anastigmats are used to demonstrate the benefits of optical image stabilization with one- and two-deformable mirrors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150101736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T09:54:54Z","timestamp":1421315694000},"page":"1736-1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Image Stabilization Optical System Using Deformable Freeform Mirrors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiqiang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab. for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,  School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4236\/pos.2010.11002","article-title":"A New Image Stabilization Model for Vehicle Navigation","volume":"1","author":"Shih","year":"2010","journal-title":"Positioning"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Seelen, U.M.C., and Bajcsy, R. 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