{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:30:44Z","timestamp":1761676244072,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61025006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61025006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In existing sparsity-driven inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging framework a sparse recovery (SR) algorithm is usually applied to azimuth compression to achieve high resolution in the cross-range direction. For range compression, however, direct application of an SR algorithm is not very effective because the scattering centers resolved in the high resolution range profiles at different view angles always exhibit irregular range cell migration (RCM), especially for complex targets, which will blur the ISAR image.  To alleviate the sparse recovery-induced RCM in range compression, a sparsity-driven framework for ISAR imaging named Fourier-sparsity integrated (FSI) method is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously achieve better focusing performance in both the range and cross-range domains. Experiments using simulated data and real data demonstrate the superiority of our proposed framework over existing sparsity-driven methods and  range-Doppler methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150202723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T13:26:37Z","timestamp":1422278797000},"page":"2723-2736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fourier-Sparsity Integrated Method for Complex Target  ISAR Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xunzhang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,  Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,  Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,  Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology,  Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baraniuk, R., and Steeghs, P. (2007, January 17\u201320). Compressive radar imaging. Waltham, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/RADAR.2007.374203"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potter, L.C., Schniter, P., and Ziniel, J. (2008, January 16\u201320). Sparse reconstruction for radar. Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.786286"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.11.009","article-title":"On compressive sensing applied to radar","volume":"90","author":"Ender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2037526","article-title":"Sparsity and compressed sensing in radar imaging","volume":"98","author":"Potter","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Proc."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Luca, P., Niccol\u00f2, R., Pietro, S., Fabio, D.A., and Polo, G. (2013, January 21\u201323). Sparse reconstruction techniques applied to isar images, based on compressed sensing. Sao Paulo, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"648","article-title":"High-speed target isar imaging via compressed sending based on sparsity in fractional fourier domain","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electron."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2011.2151865","article-title":"High-resolution isar imaging with sparse stepped-frequency waveforms","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2009.2021584","article-title":"Achieving higher resolution isar imaging with limited pulses via compressed sampling","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2010.2048575","article-title":"Resolution enhancement for inversed synthetic aperture radar imaging under low snr via improved compressive sensing","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2012.2227936","article-title":"Dynamic isar imaging of maneuvering targets based on sequential sl0","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2286402","article-title":"Superresolution isar imaging based on sparse bayesian learning","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2296497","article-title":"An autofocus technique for high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imagery","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.01.289","article-title":"Compressive radar imaging methods based on fast smoothed l0 algorithm","volume":"29","author":"Jihong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2012.6178106","article-title":"Isar 2-d imaging of uniformly rotating targets via matching pursuit","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2012.2215915","article-title":"Adaptive sparse recovery by parametric weighted l1 minimization for isar imaging of uniformly rotating targets","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2014.120535","article-title":"Parametric sparse representation method for isar imaging of rotating targets","volume":"50","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-013-4859-9","article-title":"Comparison of parametric sparse recovery methods for isar image formation","volume":"57","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2112650","article-title":"Sensitivity to basis mismatch in compressed sensing","volume":"59","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2004.824766","article-title":"Migration through resolution cell compensation in isar imaging","volume":"1","author":"Xing","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crma.2008.03.014","article-title":"The restricted isometry property and its implications for compressed sensing","volume":"346","author":"Candes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Math."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.2007606","article-title":"A fast approach for overcomplete sparse decomposition based on smoothed 10 norm","volume":"57","author":"Mohimani","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1109\/7.532282","article-title":"Autofocusing of inverse synthetic aperture radar images using contrast optimization","volume":"32","author":"Berizzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1109\/7.805442","article-title":"Autofocusing of isar images based on entropy minimization","volume":"35","author":"Xi","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:20045123","article-title":"Contrast maximisation based technique for 2-d isar autofocusing","volume":"152","author":"Martorella","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"133","article-title":"Use of genetic algorithms for contrast and entropy optimization in isar autofocusing","volume":"2006","author":"Martorella","year":"2006","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2003.1188917","article-title":"Global range alignment for isar","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/2\/2723\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:41:58Z","timestamp":1760215318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/2\/2723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s150202723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150202723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]]}}}