{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:25:40Z","timestamp":1774743940189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present CENTERA, a CENtralized Trust-based Efficient Routing protocol with an appropriate authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN). CENTERA utilizes the more powerful base station (BS) to gather minimal neighbor trust information from nodes and calculate the best routes after isolating different types of \u201cbad\u201d nodes. By periodically accumulating these simple local observations and approximating the nodes\u2019 battery lives, the BS draws a global view of the network, calculates three quality metrics\u2014maliciousness, cooperation, and compatibility\u2014and evaluates the Data Trust and Forwarding Trust values of each node. Based on these metrics, the BS isolates \u201cbad\u201d, \u201cmisbehaving\u201d or malicious nodes for a certain period, and put some nodes on probation. CENTERA increases the node\u2019s bad\/probation level with repeated \u201cbad\u201d behavior, and decreases it otherwise. Then it uses a very efficient method to distribute the routing information to \u201cgood\u201d nodes. Based on its target environment, and if required, CENTERA uses an authentication scheme suitable for severely constrained nodes, ranging from the symmetric RC5 for safe environments under close administration, to pairing-based cryptography (PBC) for hostile environments with a strong attacker model. We simulate CENTERA using TOSSIM and verify its correctness and show some energy calculations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150203299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T10:27:36Z","timestamp":1422872856000},"page":"3299-3333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["CENTERA: A Centralized Trust-Based Efficient Routing Protocol with Authentication for Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ayman","family":"Tajeddine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut,  Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Kayssi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut,  Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Chehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut,  Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Elhajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut,  Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beirut Arab University,  Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422","article-title":"A Survey on Sensor Networks","volume":"40","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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