{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:51:50Z","timestamp":1779169910557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Signals recorded at the cell membrane are meaningful indicators of the physiological vs. pathological state of a cell and will become useful diagnostic elements in nanomedicine. In this project we present a coherent strategy for the design and  fabrication of a bio-nano-sensor that monitors changes in intracellular cell calcium concentration and allows an easy read out by converting the calcium signal into an electrical current in the range of microampere that can be easily measured by conventional cell electrophysiology apparatus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150304913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T10:08:39Z","timestamp":1425031719000},"page":"4913-4924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Engineering a Ca++-Sensitive (Bio)Sensor from the Pore-Module of a Potassium Channel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"DiFrancesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Gazzarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics-Milan section, National Research Council, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, Darmstadt 64287, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics-Milan section, National Research Council, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/35093038","article-title":"Stochastic sensors inspired by biology","volume":"413","author":"Bayley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/19491","article-title":"Stochastic sensing of organic analytes by a pore-forming protein containing a molecular adapter","volume":"398","author":"Gu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505504","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/19\/50\/505504","article-title":"Stochastic sensing of biomolecules in a nanopore sensor array","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2012.12.008","article-title":"Solid-State and Biological Nanopore for Real-Time Sensing of Single Chemical and Sequencing of DNA","volume":"8","author":"Haque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201210940","article-title":"The voltage-sensing domain of a phosphatase gates the pore of a potassium channel","volume":"141","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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