{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:26Z","timestamp":1760243006675,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gaze tracking systems usually utilize near-infrared (NIR) lights and NIR cameras, and the performance of such systems is mainly affected by external light sources that include NIR components. This is ascribed to the production of additional (imposter) corneal specular reflection (SR) caused by the external light, which makes it difficult to discriminate between the correct SR as caused by the NIR illuminator of the gaze tracking system and the imposter SR. To overcome this problem, a new method is proposed for determining the correct SR in the presence of external light based on the relationship between the corneal SR and the pupil movable area with the relative position of the pupil and the corneal SR. The experimental results showed that the proposed method makes the gaze tracking system robust to the existence of external light.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150305935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T10:50:21Z","timestamp":1426071021000},"page":"5935-5981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A New Gaze Estimation Method Considering External Light"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Gwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dongwook","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Weiyuan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Chul","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu,  Daejeon 305-700, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jihun","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu,  Daejeon 305-700, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10802","DOI":"10.3390\/s130810802","article-title":"A Novel Gaze Tracking Method Based on the Generation of Virtual Calibration Points","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2011.6131137","article-title":"New Computer Interface Combining Gaze Tracking and Brainwave Measurements","volume":"57","author":"Bang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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