{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:41:23Z","timestamp":1769215283293,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad of Spain","award":["TIN2013-44741-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2013-44741-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia of Spain","award":["SEJ2006-14301\/PSIC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEJ2006-14301\/PSIC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Motion tracking systems are commonly used in virtual reality-based interventions to detect movements in the real world and transfer them to the virtual environment. There are different tracking solutions based on different physical principles, which mainly define their performance parameters. However, special requirements have to be considered for rehabilitation purposes. This paper studies and compares the accuracy and jitter of three tracking solutions (optical, electromagnetic, and skeleton tracking) in a practical scenario and analyzes the subjective perceptions of 19 healthy subjects, 22 stroke survivors, and 14 physical therapists. The optical tracking system provided the best accuracy (1.074 \u00b1 0.417 cm) while the electromagnetic device provided the most inaccurate results (11.027 \u00b1 2.364 cm). However, this tracking solution provided the best jitter values (0.324 \u00b1 0.093 cm), in contrast to the skeleton tracking, which had the worst results (1.522 \u00b1 0.858 cm). Healthy individuals and professionals preferred the skeleton tracking solution rather than the optical and electromagnetic solution (in that order). Individuals with stroke chose the optical solution over the other options. Our results show that subjective perceptions and preferences are far from being constant among different populations, thus suggesting that these considerations, together with the performance parameters, should be also taken into account when designing a rehabilitation system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150306586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T10:38:57Z","timestamp":1426761537000},"page":"6586-6606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Tracking Systems for Virtual Rehabilitation: Objective Performance vs. Subjective Experience. A Practical Scenario"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Llor\u00e9ns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3n y Da\u00f1o Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundaci\u00f3n Hospitales NISA, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"No\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3n y Da\u00f1o Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundaci\u00f3n Hospitales NISA, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Valery","family":"Naranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Borrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Alca\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber, Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, CB06\/03 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Sos Baynat s\/n, Univesity of Jaume I, 12071 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., and Kishino, F. (1995, January 21). Augmented reality: A Class of Displays on the Reality-Virtuality Continuum. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.197321"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-1-10","article-title":"Motor rehabilitation using virtual reality","volume":"1","author":"Sveistrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"523","article-title":"Cochrane review: Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation","volume":"48","author":"Laver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. 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