{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:08:53Z","timestamp":1778198933905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Malaya High Impact Research Grant, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["UM-MOHE UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOHE\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM-MOHE UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOHE\/05"]}]},{"name":"University of Malaya Research Grant","award":["UMRG: RP009A-13AET"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMRG: RP009A-13AET"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reviews a number of biomedical engineering approaches to help aid in the detection and treatment of tropical diseases such as dengue, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, ebola, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas). Many different forms of non-invasive approaches such as ultrasound, echocardiography and electrocardiography, bioelectrical impedance, optical detection, simplified and rapid serological tests such as lab-on-chip and micro-\/nano-fluidic platforms and medical support systems such as artificial intelligence clinical support systems are discussed. The paper also reviewed the novel clinical diagnosis and management systems using artificial intelligence and bioelectrical impedance techniques for dengue clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150306947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T12:17:00Z","timestamp":1427113020000},"page":"6947-6995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Application of Biomedical Engineering Techniques to the Diagnosis and Management of Tropical Diseases: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,  50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering,  University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzer","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,  50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering,  University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarig","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya,  50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering,  University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty-Electronics Engineering, Ruwais College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Ruwais,  P.O Box 12389, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Manson, P. 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