{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:23:30Z","timestamp":1762323810828,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sensitive trace gas sensor platform based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is reported. A 1.395 \u03bcm continuous wave (CW), distributed feedback pigtailed diode laser was used as the excitation source and H2O was selected as the target analyte. Two kinds of quartz tuning forks (QTFs) with a resonant frequency (f0) of 30.72 kHz and 38 kHz were employed for the first time as an acoustic wave transducer, respectively for QEPAS instead of a standard QTF with a f0 of 32.768 kHz. The QEPAS sensor performance using the three different QTFs was experimentally investigated and theoretically analyzed. A minimum detection limit of 5.9 ppmv and 4.3 ppmv was achieved for f0 of 32.768 kHz and 30.72 kHz, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150407596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T17:12:08Z","timestamp":1427476328000},"page":"7596-7604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Based Trace Gas Sensors Using Different Quartz Tuning Forks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Post-doctoral Mobile Station of Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics,  Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-doctoral Mobile Station of Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics,  Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Tittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1126\/science.224.4644.54","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in the earth\u2019s atmosphere: Increasing trend","volume":"224","author":"Khalil","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176985","article-title":"Nitrous oxide (N2O): The dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century","volume":"326","author":"Ravishankara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24078","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.024078","article-title":"Real-time, subsecond, multicomponent breath analysis by optical parametric oscillator based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy","volume":"19","author":"Arslanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. 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