{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:36:12Z","timestamp":1768340172780,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a new type of pulse auscultation system, which uses a condenser microphone to measure pulse sound waves on the wrist, captures the microphone signal for filtering, amplifies the useful signal and outputs it to an oscilloscope in analog form for waveform display and storage and delivers it to a computer to perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and convert the pulse sound waveform into a heartbeat frequency. Furthermore, it also uses an audio signal amplifier to deliver the pulse sound by speaker. The study observed the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine\u2019s pulsing techniques, where pulse signals at places called \u201ccun\u201d, \u201cguan\u201d and \u201cchi\u201d of the left hand were measured during lifting (100 g), searching (125 g) and pressing (150 g) actions. Because the system collects the vibration sound caused by the pulse, the sensor itself is not affected by the applied pressure, unlike current pulse piezoelectric sensing instruments, therefore, under any kind of pulsing pressure, it displays pulse changes and waveforms with the same accuracy. We provide an acquired pulse and waveform signal suitable for Chinese Medicine practitioners\u2019 objective pulse diagnosis, thus providing a scientific basis for this Traditional Chinese Medicine practice. This study also presents a novel circuit design using an active filtering method. An operational amplifier with its differential features eliminates the interference from external signals, including the instant high-frequency noise. In addition, the system has the advantages of simple circuitry, cheap cost and high precision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150408712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T10:32:00Z","timestamp":1429007520000},"page":"8712-8731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Study of New Pulse Auscultation System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying-Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong-Seng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(00)00055-9","article-title":"Objective auscultation for traditional Chinese medical diagnosis using novel acoustic parameters","volume":"62","author":"Chiu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/51.887253","article-title":"Pulse type classification by varying contact pressure","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.010.10209","article-title":"Relationship between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and imaging characterization to the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Bao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2003.10.004","article-title":"A self-learning expert system for diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Wang, H., and Cheng, Y. (2006, January 17\u201318). A quantitative system for pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Proceedings of 27th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005 (IEEE-EMBS 2005), Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"567","article-title":"Contrivance of a radial pulse measuring system with variable contact pressure","volume":"20","author":"Yoon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.20.4.150","article-title":"The Reliable Measurement of Radial Pulse Characteristics","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acupunct. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wang, H., Yan, J., Wang, Y., Li, F., and Guo, R. (2008, January 7\u20139). Digital Technology for Objective Auscultation in Traditional Chinese Medical Diagnosis. Proceedings of International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing, 2008 (ICALIP 2008), Shanghai, China."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"34","article-title":"Chaos and Fractal Theories for Speech Signal Processing","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Electron. Sin."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"54","article-title":"Study on Acoustic Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Actuality and Prospect","volume":"4","author":"Mo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin. J. Basic Med. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"317","article-title":"Low Cost Prototype of Pulse Measurement Devices","volume":"11","author":"Lue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"421","article-title":"Simple Two-Channel Sound Detectors Applying to Pulse Measurement","volume":"11","author":"Lue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124702-1","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3505110","article-title":"Ultra-low-noise preamplifier for condenser microphones","volume":"81","author":"Starecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2007.12.011","article-title":"Modeling and simulation of a condenser microphone","volume":"145","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X87000199","article-title":"An objective method of pulse diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Yoon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Wang, L.F. (2002). Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. [1st ed.]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/4\/8712\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:44:42Z","timestamp":1760215482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/4\/8712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s150408712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150408712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]}}}