{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:36:40Z","timestamp":1773790600386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study is to construct a non-contact pulse automatic positioning measurement system for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) using optical triangulation measurements. The system consists of a linear laser, a CMOS image sensor and image analysis software. The linear laser is projected on the pulse beat location on the wrists; the CMOS image sensor records the process and the software analyzes the images. The program mainly uses the optical centroid and fast Fourier transform (FFT) principles to calculate centroid changes (pulse amplitude changes) from the images taken by the CMOS image sensor. It returns the positions of cun, guan and chi pulses automatically in terms of the amplitudes and the signals are then transformed from the time domain (time-amplitude) into the frequency domain (frequency-amplitude) via FFT to obtain the waveforms and frequencies of the cun, guan and chi pulses. It successfully extracts the data from the TCM pulse reading and can be a medical aid system for TCM. Combining the advantages of optical measurement and computer automation, this system provides a non-contact, easy to operate, fast in detection and low-cost equipment design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150509899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T12:16:51Z","timestamp":1430137011000},"page":"9899-9914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Non-Contact Pulse Automatic Positioning Measurement System for Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying-Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics of National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong-Seng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics of National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ko-Wen","family":"Jwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics of National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics of National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chu-Pang","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Photonics of National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Rd,  Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200303000-00004","article-title":"Pulse Wave Analysis and Pulse Wave Velocity: A Critical Review of Their Strengths and Weaknesses","volume":"21","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03616","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Exercise, and Blood Pressure","volume":"64","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2190\/XWR6-5QPX-GEGE-5GWR","article-title":"The Holistic Alternative to Scientific Medicine: History and Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Berliner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Serv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.299.5604.188","article-title":"Asian Medicine: The New Face of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"299","author":"Normile","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02051-5","article-title":"Current Status and Future Direction of Chinese Herbal Medicine","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(98)01276-0","article-title":"Stroke Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Prospects for Drug Discovery and Development","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Wang, L.F. (2002). Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of traditional Chinese medicine. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3390\/s110201461","article-title":"A Parkinson\u2019s Disease Measurement System Using Laser Lines and a CMOS Image Sensor","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.3390\/s7123366","article-title":"A Novel Pulse Measurement System by Using Laser Triangulation and a CMOS Image Sensor","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5368","DOI":"10.3390\/s130405368","article-title":"Validation of Noninvasive MOEMS-Assisted Measurement System Based on CCD Sensor for Radial Pulse Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Malinauskas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2012.03.003","article-title":"Possibility of Quantifying TCM Finger-Reading Sensations: I. Bi-Sensing Pulse Diagnosis Instrument","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2012.03.004","article-title":"Possibility of Quantifying TCM Finger-Reading Sensations: II. An Example of Health Standardization","volume":"6","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.08.011","article-title":"Regression Analysis of Radial Artery Pulse Palpation as a Potential Tool for Traditional Chinese Medicine Training Education","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.A0820332","article-title":"A Model for Automatic Identification of Human Pulse Signals","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2014.04.003","article-title":"Using an Array Sensor to Determine Differences in Pulse Diagnosis\u2014Three Positions and Nine Indicators","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/51.887253","article-title":"Pulse Type Classification by Varying Contact Pressure","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.20.4.150","article-title":"The Reliable Measurement of Radial Pulse Characteristics","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acupunct. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"34","article-title":"Chaos and Fractal Theories for Speech Signal Processing","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Electron. Sin."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/5\/9899\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:45:26Z","timestamp":1760215526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/5\/9899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s150509899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150509899","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]}}}