{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T01:24:04Z","timestamp":1766712244289,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Funds of China for Distinguished Young Scholar under Grant","award":["50925727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50925727"]}]},{"name":"Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education","award":["313018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313018"]}]},{"name":"Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61401139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61401139"]}]},{"name":"Key Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province of China","award":["1301022036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1301022036"]}]},{"name":"East China Jiaotong University Foundation","award":["14DQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14DQ08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an ultra-low embedded power temperature sensor for passive RFID tags. The temperature sensor converts the temperature variation to a PTAT current, which is then transformed into a temperature-controlled frequency. A phase locked loop (PLL)-based sensor interface is employed to directly convert this temperature-controlled frequency into a corresponding digital output without an external reference clock. The fabricated sensor occupies an area of 0.021  mm2 using the TSMC 0.18 1P6M mixed-signal CMOS process. Measurement results of the embedded sensor within the tag system shows a 92 nW power dissipation under 1.0 V supply voltage at room temperature, with a sensing resolution of 0.15 \u00b0C\/LSB and a sensing accuracy of \u22120.7\/0.6 \u00b0C from \u221230 \u00b0C to 70 \u00b0C after 1-point calibration at 30 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150511442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T10:56:37Z","timestamp":1431946597000},"page":"11442-11453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Design of an Embedded CMOS Temperature Sensor for Passive RFID Tag Chips"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fangming","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East China Jiaotong University,  Nanchang 330013, China"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yigang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East China Jiaotong University,  Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East China Jiaotong University,  Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, East China Jiaotong University,  Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology,  Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirshahi, S., Uysal, S., and Akbari, A. 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