{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:09:30Z","timestamp":1780384170102,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single crystal SnO2 nanobelts (SnO2 NBs) and La-SnO2 nanobelts (La-SnO2 NBs) were synthesized by thermal evaporation. Both a single SnO2 NB sensor and a single La-SnO2 NB sensor were developed and their sensing properties were investigated. It is found that the single La-SnO2 NB sensor had a high sensitivity of 8.76 to ethanediol at a concentration of 100 ppm at 230 \u00b0C, which is the highest sensitivity of a single SnO2 NB to ethanediol among three kinds of volatile organic (VOC) liquids studied, including ethanediol, ethanol, and acetone. The La-SnO2 NBs sensor also exhibits a high sensitivity, good selectivity and long-term stability with prompt response time to ethanediol. The mechanism behind the enhanced sensing performance of La-doped SnO2 nanobelts  is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150614230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T10:28:09Z","timestamp":1434450489000},"page":"14230-14240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of Single La-Doped  SnO2 Nanobelts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuemei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingkai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University,  Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013508","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4861228","article-title":"Palladium nanoparticle decorated silicon nanowire field-effect transistor with side-gates for hydrogen gas detection","volume":"104","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.10.027","article-title":"Metal oxide nanoscience and nanotechnology for chemical sensors","volume":"179","author":"Comini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.03.043","article-title":"Gas-sensing properties of tin oxide doped with metal oxides and carbon nanotubes: A competitive sensor for ethanol and liquid petroleum gas","volume":"144","author":"Hieu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.01.067","article-title":"Heterostructured p-CuO (nanoparticle)\/n-SnO2 (nanowire) devices for selective H2S detection","volume":"181","author":"Shao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4887486","article-title":"Outstanding gas-sensing performance of graphene\/SnO2 nanowire Schottky junctions","volume":"105","author":"Quang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.11.059","article-title":"Au\/SnO2 an excellent material for room temperature carbon monoxide sensing","volume":"152","author":"Manjula","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201100500","article-title":"Promotion of Pd Cu\/C Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Solution by SnO2 Modifiter","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2006.12.014","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3+-doped SnO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel-calcination or sol-gel-hydrothermal route","volume":"454","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Alloy Compd."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4890583","article-title":"High sensitive formaldehyde graphene gas sensor modified by atomic layer deposition zinc oxide films","volume":"105","author":"Mu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.07.043","article-title":"One-Step synthesis and gas sensing characteristics of hierarchical SnO2 nanorods modified by Pd loading","volume":"160","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.03.049","article-title":"Highly sensitive and selective trimethylamine sensors using Ru-doped SnO2 hollow spheres","volume":"166\u2013167","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.01.044","article-title":"Detection of O3 and NH3 using hybrid tin dioxide\/carbon nanotubes sensors: Influence of materials and processing on sensor\u2019s sensitivity","volume":"170","author":"Ghaddab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.12.075","article-title":"Novel sensor array based on doped tin oxide nanowires for organic vapor detection","volume":"162","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-503","article-title":"Synthesis and high sensing properties of a single Pd-doped SnO2 Nanoribbon","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058120","article-title":"Nanobelts of Semiconducting Oxides","volume":"291","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307X\/23\/4\/073","article-title":"Study on Synthesis and Gas Sensitivity of SnO2 Nanobelts","volume":"23","author":"Ying","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105502","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/23\/10\/105502","article-title":"Needle-like Zn-doped SnO2 nanorods with enhanced photocatalytic and gas sensing properties","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.07.016","article-title":"Enhanced ethanol gas sensing performance of Ce-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers prepared by electrospinning","volume":"188","author":"Mohanapriya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1166\/sam.2012.1383","article-title":"CuO Nanocubes Based Highly-Sensitive 4-Nitrophenol Chemical Sensor","volume":"4","author":"Abaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.08.026","article-title":"Low-Temperature synthesis of \u03b1-Fe2O3 hexagonal nanoparticles for environmental remediation and smart sensor applications","volume":"116","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.06.001","article-title":"Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for the detection of hazardous chemical","volume":"173","author":"Dar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00541-4","article-title":"Multi-Parameter gas sensors based on organic thin-film-transistors","volume":"67","author":"Torsi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12137","DOI":"10.1021\/jp001771s","article-title":"Photo-Activated luminescence of CdSe quantum dot monolayers","volume":"104","author":"Cordero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Jin, Z.Z., and Wang, M.S. (1995). Modern Sensor Technology, Electronic Industry Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.07.002","article-title":"La2O3-Sensitized SnO2 nanocrystalline porous film gas sensors and sensing mechanism toward formaldehyde","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2010.10.008","article-title":"High sensitivity and fast response SnO2 and La-SnO2 catalytic pellet sensors in detecting volatile organic compounds","volume":"89","author":"Gaik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Process. Saf. Environ."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/6\/14230\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:47:57Z","timestamp":1760215677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/6\/14230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s150614230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150614230","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]]}}}