{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:50:57Z","timestamp":1771476657780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an image enhancement algorithm for low-light scenes in an environment with insufficient illumination. Simple amplification of intensity exhibits various undesired artifacts: noise amplification, intensity saturation, and loss of resolution. In order to enhance low-light images without undesired artifacts, a novel digital binning algorithm is proposed that considers brightness, context, noise level, and anti-saturation of a local region in the image. The proposed algorithm does not require any modification of the image sensor or additional frame-memory; it needs only two line-memories in the image signal processor (ISP). Since the proposed algorithm does not use an iterative computation, it can be easily embedded in an existing digital camera ISP pipeline containing a high-resolution image sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150714917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T10:17:15Z","timestamp":1435227435000},"page":"14917-14931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Low-Light Image Enhancement Using Adaptive Digital  Pixel Binning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yoonjong","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science, Multimedia, and Film Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaehyun","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIS Division, SK Hynix, Gyeonggi-do 463-844, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonki","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science, Multimedia, and Film Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2010.2051678","article-title":"Performance analysis of the CCD pixel binning option in particle-image velocimetry measurements","volume":"15","author":"Nasibov","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. 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Electron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2008.4711238","article-title":"Adaptive contrast enhancement using gain-controllable clipped histogram equalization","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Yao, H., Zhang, S., Lu, X., and Zeng, W. (2013, January 15\u201318). Night video enhancement using improved dark channel prior. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Melbourne, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2013.6738114"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Gonzalez, R., Woods, R., and Eddins, S. (2003). Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, Prentice Hall."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/7\/14917\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:48:20Z","timestamp":1760215700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/7\/14917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s150714917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150714917","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]}}}