{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:41:15Z","timestamp":1780879275147,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on the development of an electrochemical probe for the trace analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil samples. The probe is a combination of graphite electrodes, filter paper, with ethylene glycol and choline chloride as the solvent\/electrolyte. Square wave chromatovoltammograms show the probes have a sensitivity for TNT of  0.75 nA\/ng and a limit of detection of 100 ng. In addition, by taking advantage of the inherent paper chromatography step, TNT can be separated in both time and cathodic peak potential from 4-amino-dinitrotolene co-spotted on the probe or in soil samples with the presence of methyl parathion as a possible interferent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150717048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T10:53:35Z","timestamp":1436871215000},"page":"17048-17056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Integrating Paper Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection for the Trace Analysis of TNT in Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,  DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zabetakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,  DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,  DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Trammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,  DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.002","article-title":"A new approach for paper-based analytical devices with electrochemical detection based on graphite pencil electrodes","volume":"177","author":"Santhiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. 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