{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:09:47Z","timestamp":1778814587643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current paper reports on a sonochemical synthesis method for manufacturing nanostructured (typical grain size of 50 nm) SrTi0.6Fe0.4O2.8 (Sono-STFO40) powder.  This powder is characterized using X ray-diffraction (XRD), M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and results are compared with commercially available SrTi0.4Fe0.6O2.8 (STFO60) powder. In order to manufacture resistive oxygen sensors, both Sono-STFO40 and STFO60 are deposited, by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) method, on an SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) micro-hotplate, employing a tungsten heater embedded within a dielectric membrane. Oxygen detection tests are performed in both dry (RH = 0%) and humid (RH = 60%) nitrogen atmosphere, varying oxygen concentrations between 1% and 16% (v\/v), at a constant heater temperature of 650 \u00b0C.  The oxygen sensor, based on the Sono-STFO40 sensing layer, shows good sensitivity, low power consumption (80 mW), and short response time (25 s). These performance are comparable to those exhibited by state-of-the-art O2 sensors based on STFO60, thus proving Sono-STFO40 to be a material suitable for oxygen detection in harsh environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150717495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T09:56:54Z","timestamp":1437386214000},"page":"17495-17506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Low Power Resistive Oxygen Sensor Based on Sonochemical SrTi0.6Fe0.4O2.8 (STFO40)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alisa","family":"Stratulat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Catalin","family":"Serban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Photonics and Electronics (CAPE), University of Cambridge,  Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viorel","family":"Avramescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornel","family":"Cobianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Brezeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Buiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honeywell Romania SRL, Sensors and Wireless Laboratory Bucharest (SWLB), Bucharest 020339, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Diamandescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, P.O. Box. MG-7, Magurele 77125, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Feder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, P.O. Box. MG-7, Magurele 77125, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge CMOS Sensors Ltd., Cambridge CB4 0DL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Udrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Photonics and Electronics (CAPE), University of Cambridge,  Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK"},{"name":"Cambridge CMOS Sensors Ltd., Cambridge CB4 0DL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.3390\/s110403439","article-title":"Resistive oxygen gas sensors for harsh environments","volume":"11","author":"Moos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0081-1947(08)60135-6","article-title":"Relations between the concentrations of imperfections in crystalline solids","volume":"3","author":"Vink","year":"1956","journal-title":"Solid State Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korotcenkov, G. (2013). Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7165-3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10832-006-6737-y","article-title":"Gas sensors: new materials and processing approaches","volume":"17","author":"Rothschild","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Electroceram."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.09.044","article-title":"Temperature-independent resistive oxygen sensors based on SrTi1\u2212 xFexO3\u2212\u03b4 solid solutions","volume":"108","author":"Rothschild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Serban, B.-C., Cobianu, C., Brezeanu, M., Avramescu, V., Dumitru, V.G., Mihaila, M., and Bostan, C.G. (2015). Sensing layers for oxygen detection. (EP 2848927A1), European Patent Application Filed."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201200375","article-title":"Facile Synthesis of p-type Perovskite SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3\u2013\u03b4 Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning and Their Oxygen-Sensing Properties","volume":"298","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ce25229e","article-title":"Novel SrTi1\u2212xFexO3 nanocubes synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method","volume":"14","author":"Avansi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryst. Eng. Comm."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Guo, L., Liang, F., Zhou, W., He, L., and Chen, C. (2008). One-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Properties. World J. Eng., 279\u2013280."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.12.008","article-title":"Resistive \u03bb-sensors based on ball milled Fe-doped SrTiO3 nanopowders obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)","volume":"126","author":"Neri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2008.06.007","article-title":"FeSrTiO3-based resistive oxygen sensors for application in diesel engines","volume":"134","author":"Neri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"845","article-title":"Oxygen Sensing Properties of Fe Doped-Srtio 3 Powders Obtained by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (Shs) and Treated by Ball Milling (BM)","volume":"11","author":"Licheri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Trans."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7673","DOI":"10.1021\/la0345035","article-title":"Sonochemical preparation of nanoporous composites of titatium oxide and size tunable strontium titanate crystals","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Sonocatalysis","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Ertl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200904093","article-title":"Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials","volume":"22","author":"Bang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2004.01.037","article-title":"Using sonochemistry for the fabrication of nanomaterials","volume":"11","author":"Gedanken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.29.1.295","article-title":"Applications of ultrasound to materials chemistry","volume":"29","author":"Suslick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5026.1397","article-title":"The temperature of cavitation","volume":"253","author":"Flint","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9804172","article-title":"Sonochemistry: Science and Engineering","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(02)00168-6","article-title":"Direct Sonochemical Preparation of High-Surface-Area Nanoporous Ceria and Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions","volume":"260","author":"Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Cobianu, C., Serban, B., Brezeanu, M., Bostan, C., and Buiu, O. (2015). Sonochemical synthesis of iron doped strontium titanate powder. (EP 2848589 A1), European Patent Application."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Cobianu, C., and Serban, B. (2015). Hydrothermal or solvothermal synthesis of iron doped strontium titanate powder. (EP 2883839 A1), European Patent Application."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Stratulat, A., Serban, B., Cobianu, C., Avramescu, V., Brezeanu, M., Buiu, O., Diamandescu, L., Feder, M., Udrea, F., de Luca, A., and Ali, S.Z. (2015, January 13\u201316). Novel sonochemical route for manufacturing O2 sensitive STFO. Proceeding of NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Functional Nanomaterials and Devices for Electronics, Sensors, Energy Harvesting, Lviv, Ukraine."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2008.2007228","article-title":"Tungsten-based SOI microhotplates for smart gas sensors","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.11.395","article-title":"A 3D FEM Model for Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Membrane Based Thermal Conductivity Sensors Developed Using SOI CMOS MEMS Technology","volume":"87","author":"Sarfraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proced. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200300608","article-title":"The Evolution of Dip-Pen Nanolithography","volume":"43","author":"Ginger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"205503","article-title":"Electric field gradient in FeTiO3 by nuclear magnetic resonance and ab initio Calculations","volume":"23","author":"Chlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.02.002","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of SrFe12O19 powder obtained by hydrothermal process","volume":"496","author":"Malick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alloys and Compd."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2005.03.009","article-title":"Comparison of classical and fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing with PdxWO3 nanoparticle films","volume":"113","author":"Ederth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B: Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08836.x","article-title":"Electric and Kinetic Properties of Screen-Printed Strontium Titanate Films at High Temperatures","volume":"78","author":"Gerblinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/7\/17495\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:49:25Z","timestamp":1760215765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/7\/17495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s150717495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150717495","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]]}}}