{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:25:24Z","timestamp":1760243124499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a resonant electric cradle design with infant cries recognition, employing an Arduino UNO as the core processor. For most commercially available electric cradles, the drive motor is closely combined with the bearing on the top, resulting in a lot of energy consumption. In this proposal, a ball bearing design was adopted and the driving force is under the cradle to increase the distance from the object to fulcrum and torque. The sensors are designed to detect the oscillation state, and then the force is driven at the critical time to achieve the maximum output response while saving energy according to the principle of resonance. As for the driving forces, the winding power and motors are carefully placed under the cradle. The sensors, including the  three-axis accelerometer and infrared sensor, are tested and applied under swinging amplitude control. In addition, infant cry recognition technology was incorporated in the design to further develop its functionality, which is a rare feature in this kind of hardware. The proposed nonlinear operator of fundamental frequency (                                                  ) analysis is able to identify different types of infant cries. In conclusion, this paper proposes an energy-saving electric cradle with infant cries recognition and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150818934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1438744735000},"page":"18934-18949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["An Arduino-Based Resonant Cradle Design with Infant  Cries Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chun-Tang","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,  1, Nan-Tai St., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,  1, Nan-Tai St., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juing-Shian","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,  1, Nan-Tai St., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Jo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,  1, Nan-Tai St., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(95)00052-H","article-title":"Maturational trends of EEG-sleep measures in the healthy preterm neonate","volume":"12","author":"Scher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.5.323","article-title":"Sleep ontogenesis revisited: A longitudinal 24-hour home polygraphic study on 15 normal infants during the first two years of life","volume":"20","author":"Louis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1148266","article-title":"An automatic swinging instrument for better neonatal growing environment","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"unstructured":"Flannery, M.A., and Edwards, T.L. (2002). Open Top Swing. (6,471,597, B1), U.S. Patent, Available online: https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US6471597.","key":"ref_4"},{"unstructured":"Shurtleff, R.D., and Shurtleff, T.M. (2000). Automatic Swing with Reciprocating Weight. (6,024,648 A), U.S. Patent, Available online: https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US6024648.","key":"ref_5"},{"unstructured":"Kuo, B.C. (1995). Automatic Control Systems, Prentice Hall. [7th ed.].","key":"ref_6"},{"unstructured":"Wang, W.K., Wang, Y.Y.L., Chiang, Y., Yu, G.L., and Hsu, T.L. (1992, January 2\u20134). The effect of resonance on blood pressure. Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Singapore.","key":"ref_7"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/51.566153","article-title":"Pressure wave propagation in arteries. A model with radial dilatation for simulating the behavior of a real artery","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"unstructured":"Arduino\u2014HomePage. Available online: http:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/.","key":"ref_9"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.3390\/s140406998","article-title":"An Internet of Things example: Classrooms access control over near field communication","volume":"14","author":"Palma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo, K. (2010, January 20\u201322). Feature extraction and recognition of infant cries. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electro\/Information Technology (EIT), Normal, IL, USA.","key":"ref_11","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT.2010.5612093"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"123","article-title":"Separation of voiced and unvoiced using zero crossing rate and energy of the speech signal","volume":"15","author":"Bachu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(98)00045-9","article-title":"Acoustic analysis of newborn infant cry signals","volume":"20","author":"Forta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"unstructured":"Barajas-Montiel, S.E., and Reyes-Garcia, C.A. (2005, January 28\u201330). Identifying pain and hunger in infant cry with classifiers ensembles. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modeling, Control and Automation, Vienna, Austria.","key":"ref_14"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2007.911513","article-title":"A regression approach to music emotion recognition","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(86)90019-5","article-title":"Differences in fundamental frequency. Jitter and shimmer among four types of infant vocalizations","volume":"19","author":"Fuller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"unstructured":"\u2018Mother\u2019s Love\u2019 Cradle. Available online: http:\/\/www.wjyt-china.org\/cnshop\/haihe.","key":"ref_17"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1144694","article-title":"A method of compensating for the friction of a rotating bearing","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2288425","article-title":"Beyond induction motors\u2014Technology trends to move up efficiency","volume":"16","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2272548","article-title":"Technical and economical considerations on super high-efficiency three-phase motors","volume":"50","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chao, C.T., Maneetien, N., Wang, C.J., and Chiou, J.S. Performance evaluation of heart sound cancellation in FPGA hardware implementation for electronic stethoscope. Available online: http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/587238\/.","key":"ref_21","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/587238"},{"unstructured":"Texas Instruments Inc. Single-supply op-amp circuit collection (Excerpted from Op Amps for Everyone, Literature Number: SLOD006A). Available online: http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ml\/sloa091\/sloa091.pdf.","key":"ref_22"},{"unstructured":"ISD1900. Available online: http:\/\/www2.nuvoton.com\/NuvotonMOSS\/Community\/ProductInfo.aspx?tp_GUID=92c38f1d-b14f-44a8\u20139d1b-d86ec5a4f694.","key":"ref_23"},{"unstructured":"Open Music Labs ArduinoFFT. Available online: http:\/\/wiki.openmusiclabs.com\/wiki\/ArduinoFFT.","key":"ref_24"},{"unstructured":"Jyh-Shing Roger Jang Audio signal processing and recognition. Available online: http:\/\/mirlab.org\/jang\/books\/audioSignalProcessing\/.","key":"ref_25"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"18","article-title":"Acoustical analysis of pain cries\u2019in neonates: Fundamental frequency","volume":"3","author":"Daga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl. Spec. Issue Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng ICEICE"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/8\/18934\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:50:07Z","timestamp":1760215807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/15\/8\/18934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s150818934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150818934","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]]}}}