{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:33:55Z","timestamp":1778175235350,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer structure for use in underwater imaging is designed, fabricated and tested in this paper. In this structure, a silicon dioxide insulation layer is inserted between the top electrodes and the vibration membrane to prevent ohmic contact. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic curve shows that the transducer offers suitable levels of hysteresis and repeatability performance. The \u22126 dB center frequency is 540 kHz and the transducer has a bandwidth of 840 kHz for a relative bandwidth  of 155%. Underwater pressure of 143.43 Pa is achieved 1 m away from the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer under 20                                                    excitation. Two-dimensional underwater ultrasonic imaging, which is able to prove that a rectangular object is present underwater,  is achieved. The results presented here indicate that our work will be highly beneficial for the establishment of an underwater ultrasonic imaging system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s150923205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1442399616000},"page":"23205-23217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for Underwater Imaging Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changde","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement,  North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Oralkan, O., Ergun, A.S., Cheng, C.H., Johnson, J.A., Karaman, M., and Khuri-Yakub, B.T. 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