{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:27:01Z","timestamp":1783045621407,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103-2221-E-260-003-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103-2221-E-260-003-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital and National Chi Nan University, Taiwan","award":["TCVGH\u2013NCNU1037904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH\u2013NCNU1037904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regular monitoring of blood \u03b1-fetoprotein (AFP) and\/or carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels is important for the routine screening of liver cancer. However, AFP and CEA have a much lower specificity than des-\u03b3-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) to detect liver cancer. Therefore, the study reported here was designed, to develop a screen-printed DCP immunosensor incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles, for accurate determination of DCP. The designed immunosensor shows low detection limits for the detection of DCP: 0.440 ng\/mL (based on impedance measurement), 0.081 ng\/mL (based on real part of impedance measurement) and 0.078 ng\/mL (based on imaginary part of impedance measurement), within the range of 3.125 ng\/mL to 2000 ng\/mL. In addition, there was little interference to DCP determination by molecules such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl\u2212, glucose, urea, and uric acid. It is therefore concluded that the DCP immunosensor developed and reported here is simple, inexpensive and effective, and shows promise in the rapid screening of early-stage liver cancer at home with a point-of-care approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s151129408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T01:57:02Z","timestamp":1448330222000},"page":"29408-29418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Liver Cancer Detection by a Simple, Inexpensive and Effective Immunosensor with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9796-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congo","family":"Ching","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Hieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Science (Vietnam National University of Hochiminh City), District 5, Hochiminh City 999100, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng-Yun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Shien","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, Nantou 54243, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Dong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science &amp; Technology, Hong Kong Community College, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare (Taiwan) (2012). 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